A.I. ‐ Humanity's Final Invention?

humans rule Earth without

competition but we're about to create something

that may change that

our last invention the most powerful tool weapon or maybe even

entity artificial super intelligence

this sounds like science fiction

so let's start at the

beginning intelligence is the ability to learn

reason acquire Knowledge and Skills

and use them to solve problems

intelligence is power and we're the species that exploited it the most

so much so that Humanity

broke the game of Nature

and took control but the journey there wasn't straightforward

for most animals intelligence

costs too much energy to be worth it

still if we track intelligence

in the tree of species

over time we can see lots of diverse

forms of intelligence emerge

the earliest brains were in flatworms

500 million years ago

just a tiny cluster of neurons

to handle basic body functions

it took hundreds of millions of years for species to diversify

and become more complex

life conquered New environments

gained new senses and had to contend with Fierce competition

over resources but in nature

all that matters is survival

and brains are expensive

so for almost all animals a narrow intelligence

fit for a narrow range of tasks

was enough in some environments

animals like birds octopuses

and mammals evolved more complex neural structures

for them it paid off to have more energy consuming skills like Advanced navigation

and communication until 7 billion years ago

the hominins emerged we don't know why but their brains grew faster than their

relatives something was different about their intelligence

very slowly it turned from narrow

to General from a screwdriver

to a multi-tool able to think about diverse

Problems 2 million years ago homo erector

saw the world differently from anyone

before as something be understood

and transformed they controlled

fire invented tools and created the first

culture we probably emerged from them around

250,000 years ago with an even larger

and more complex brain

it enabled us to work together in large groups

and to communicate complex

thoughts we used our intelligence to improve our lives

to ask how things work

and why things are the way they are

with each Discovery we asked more questions

and pushed forward Ward preserving

what we learned outpacing

what evolution could do with

genes knowledge Builds on knowledge

progress was slow at first

and then sped up

exponentially agriculture writing medicine astronomy

or philosophy exploded into the world

200 years ago science took off and made us even better at learning about

the world and speeding up progress

35 years ago the internet age began

today we live in a world made to suit our needs

created by us us for us

this is incredibly new

we forget how hard it was to get here

how enormous the steps on the intelligence

ladder were and how long it took to climb them

but once we did

we became the most powerful animal in the world

in a heartbeat but we may be in the process of changing

this we're building machines

that could be better at the very thing that gave us the power to

conquer the planet Humanity's

final invention intelligence artificial

intelligence or AI is software that performs mental tasks with a computer

code that uses silicon

instead of neurons to solve problems

in the beginning AI was very simple

lines of code on paper

mere proofs of concept to demonstrate how machines could perform mental

tasks only in the 1960s

did we start seeing the first examples

of what we would recognize

as AI a chatbot

in 1964 approach program to sort through molecules

in 1965 slow specialized

systems requiring experts to use them

their intelligence was extremely

narrow built for a single task inside a controlled

environment the equivalent of flat worms

500 million years ago doing the minimum amount of mental

work progress in AI research paused

several times when researchers

lost hope in the technology

but just like changing environments

create new niches for Life

the world around AI changed

between 1950 and 2000

computers got a billion times faster

while programming became easier

and widespread in 1972

AI could navigate a room

in 1989 it could read handwritten

numbers but it remained a fancy tool

no match for humans

until in 1997 an AI shocked the World by beating the world champion in

chess proving that we could build machines

that could surpass us

but we calmed ourselves

because a chest spot

is quite stupid not a flatworm

but maybe a bee

only able to perform a specialized

narrow task but within this narrow task

it's so good that no human will ever again beat AI a

chess as computers continued

to improve AI became a powerful tool for more and more tasks

in 2004 it drove a robot on Mars

in 2011 it began recommending

YouTube videos to you

but this was only possible

because humans broke down problems

into easyto digest chunks

that computers could solve

quickly until we taught AIS

to teach themselves rise

of the self-learning Machines

this is not a technical video so we're massively oversimplifying

here in a nutshell

the sheer power of supercomputers

was combined with the almost endless data collected in the information age to make

a new generation of ai

ai experts began drastically

improving forms of AI software called neur neural networks

enormously huge networks of artificial neurons

that start out being bad at their tasks

they then used machine learning which is an umbrella term for many different training

techniques and environments that allows algorithms

to write their own code and improve

themselves the scary thing is that we don't exactly know how they do it

and what happens inside them

just that it works

and that what comes out the other end is a new type of AI

a capable black box of code

the these new AIS could Master complex skills extremely

quickly with much less human help

they were still narrow intelligences

but a huge step up

in 2014 Facebook AI could identify

faces with 97% accuracy

in 2016 an AI beat the best humans in the incredibly

complex game of Go

in 2018 a self-learning

AI learned chess in 4 hours

just by playing against itself

and then defeated the best specialized

chess bot since then machine learning has been applied to reading

image processing solving tests

and much more many of these AIS are already better than humans for whatever

narrow task they were trained

but they still remained a simple tool

AI still didn't seem that big of a deal for most people

and then came the chatbot

chat GPT the work that went into it is massive

it trained on nearly everything written on the internet

to learn how to handle language

which it now does better than most people

it can summarize translate

and help with some math

problems it's incredibly more broad than any other system just a few years ago

not crushing any single Benchmark

but order of them at once

many large tech companies are spending billions to build powerful

competitors AI is already transforming

customer service banking Healthcare

marketing copyrighting creative spaces and more

AI generated content has already taken hold of social media

YouTube and news websites

elections are expected to be inundated

by Propaganda misinformation no one is sure how much good or harm can come

from adopting AI everywhere

change is scary there will be winners

and losers one of the biggest questions

governments and corporations have now

is how to manage the transition to an AI boosted

economy all these potential gains or risks

are just the result of today's

AI chat gpt's intelligence

is a major step up but it remains narrow

one it can write a great essay in seconds

it doesn't understand what it's

writing but what if the AIS

stopped being narrow General

AI what makes humans different from current AI is our general

intelligence humans can technically absorb any piece of knowledge

and start working on any problem

we're great at many very different skills and tasks

from playing chess to writing or solving science puzzles

not equally of course

some of us are experts in some fields

and beginners in others

but we can technically

do all of them

in the past AI was narrow and able to become good at one skill

but was rather bad in all the others

simply by building faster computers

and pouring more money into AI training

will get us new

more powerful generations of AI

but what is the next step for AI

is to become a general intelligence

like us an AGI

if the AI improvement

process continues as it has been

it's not unlikely that AGI

could be better in most or even all skills that humans can do

we don't know how to build AGI

how it will work

or what it will be able to do

since narrow AIS today are capable of mastering

one mental task quickly

HGI might be able to do the same with all mental tasks

so even if it starts out stupid

and HGI might be able to become as smart and capable

as a human while this sounds like science sence fiction

most AI researchers think this will happen sometime

this Century maybe already in a few

years humanity is not ready for what will happen next

not socially not economically

not morally earlier we defined intelligence

as the ability to learn

reason acquire Knowledge and Skills

and use them to solve problems

all things humans excel at

an AGI as intelligent

as even an average human

would already disrupt modern civilization

because they're not Bound by the same limitations

as we are today's

AIS like chat gbt

already think and solve the tasks they were made for at least 10 times

faster than even very skilled

humans maybe AGI will be slower

but it may also be faster

maybe much faster and since HGI

are software you could copy them endlessly

as long as you have enough storage

and run them in

parallel there are 8 million scientists

in the world now imagine an AI

copied a million times and put to work

imagine 1 million scientists

working 24/7 thinking 10 times faster than humans

without being distracted only focused on the task they've been given

what if suddenly HGI

could do all intelligence-based

jobs in the world

from interpreting law to coding to creating animated

YouTube videos better faster

and much cheaper than humans

would whoever controls this AGI

suddenly own the economy

and thinking bigger human progress

is our intelligence applied to problems

so what could a million agis

achieve solve fundamental questions of science

like dark energy invent new technology

that gives us Limitless

energy fix climate change

cure aging and cancer

but then again sadly

humans apply their intelligence

not just for the benefit of

all what if the agis

are tasked to guide drones

or pull the triggers

in war or to engineer a virus that only kills people with green eyes

or to create the most profitable

social media so addictive

that people starve in front of their

screens the creation of AGI

could reasonably be as big of an event as taming fire

or electricity and give whoever invents it equally as much power

but now let's go one step further

what if the potential of AGI

doesn't stop here intelligence

explosion intelligence and knowledge build and accelerate

each other but humans are limited

by biology and evolution

once we evolved the right Hardware

our software outpaced evolution

by orders of magnitudes

and within a heartbeat

we ruled this planet

but our software basically hasn't changed much since then which is why we have

obesity and destroy the climate for short-term

gains since AGI is software on a computer

once it's smart enough to do AI research

the rate of AI progress

should speed up a lot

and that results in better AI

That's better at AI research

without much human involvement

it may even be possible that AI could learn how to directly improve itself

in which case some experts fear this feedback loop

could be incredibly fast

maybe just months or years after the first self-improving

hii is switched on

maybe it would actually take decades

we simply don't know

this is all speculative

but such an intelligence

explosion might lead to a true superintelligent

entity we don't know what such a being would look like what its motives

or goals would be

what would go on in its inner

world we could be as laughably

stupid to superintelligence as squirrels

are to us unable to even comprehend

its way of thinking

this hypothetical scenario keeps many people up at night

humanity is the only example we have of an animal becoming smarter than all

others and we have not been kind

to what we perceive as less intelligent

beings AGI might be the last invention of

humanity it's possible that it could become the most intelligent

and therefore most powerful being on earth

a God in a box

that could exercise its power to bring unimaginable

wealth and happiness to humans

while securing our future

or it could subvert

civilization and bring about our end

with Humanity unable to come up with a way to stop it

we'll look at some of these potential

Futures in more videos

but for now let's wrap up

the only thing we know for sure is that today

right now many of the largest

and richest companies in the world

are racing to create ever more powerful

AIS whatever our future is

we are running towards

it who knows how long we have until we must confront

our AI future luckily

you still have plenty of time to prepare for it

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