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Pronunciation with Emma
Master ALL English Tenses | A1-B2 English Grammar (FREE PDF! 📄)
Master ALL English Tenses | A1-B2 English Grammar (FREE PDF! 📄)
Pronunciation with Emma
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45:35 · Oct 4, 2024
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0:00
hello and welcome back to pronunciation
0:02
with Emma or welcome if you're brand new to my channel
0:05
today's video is going to be very different
0:07
because you're going to learn about English
0:10
grammar more specifically you're going to learn how to use all the tenses
0:15
in English from Level A1
0:17
to B2 to talk about the past
0:20
present and future correctly
0:22
in English I will be using the Cambridge
0:25
English grammar in use ebook
0:27
by Raymond Murphy to teach you all all the tenses
0:30
today this is the world's
0:32
bestselling grammar book and is perfect
0:35
if you're self-studying and you want to learn and improve your English grammar
0:40
with the new interactive
0:41
ebook version of English grammar in use you can complete
0:44
the activities check your answers
0:47
instantly make notes and highlight
0:49
important information and listen to recordings
0:52
so you can improve
0:53
your listening and pronunciation
0:55
at the same time
0:57
which is why I love this new ebook version
1:00
you can also take it with you on the go so you can practice
1:03
at any time on your device
1:06
just for watching this lesson today
1:08
I want to give you a special gift
1:10
you can get 25%
1:12
off the Cambridge English grammar inuse
1:15
ebook when you use the code
1:17
g i save25 g i
1:24
save25 to get your own copy of the ebook
1:27
just click the link in the description
1:29
and remember to use the code
1:31
g i save25 to get your
1:35
25% off once you have purchased your ebook
1:38
you can start using it straight away
1:41
no waiting around for deliveries
1:43
now let's start with today's
1:45
English grammar lesson to help you practice and improve your English grammar
1:49
even faster I have created
1:51
a pdf version of today's lesson notes and activities
1:55
for you to download
1:56
completely for free the free pdf contain
2:00
all of today's lesson notes summarized
2:02
for you all of the activities
2:05
as well as some additional
2:06
pronunciation tips because of course it's important to focus on your pronunciation
2:11
too and I am pronunciation
2:13
with Emma so to download your free pdf
2:16
just click the link Down Below in the description
2:19
so today you're going to learn
2:21
10 different tenses and ways to talk about the past
2:25
present and future more accurately
2:28
in English you can use the timestamps
2:31
down at the bottom of the video or in the description
2:33
to choose the tense that you want to focus on
2:36
or you can just watch the whole lesson
2:39
at the end of every unit
2:41
there is a little test for you to practice
2:43
and see how much you've learned
2:45
are you ready let's go
2:47
let's start with the present continuous
2:50
take a look at this example
2:51
here Sarah is in her car
2:55
she is on her way to work
2:57
she is driving to work
3:01
this means that Sarah
3:02
is driving right now at the time of speaking
3:06
the action has not
3:07
finished to create the present continuous
3:10
start with the subject
3:12
for example I you
3:15
she he it and so on
3:18
then you add the conjugated
3:19
form of to be
3:21
for example I am
3:23
you are he she it
3:26
is ETC we call this type of verb an auxil
3:30
verb this is because the verb
3:32
be like I am you are Etc
3:35
in this case in this specific
3:37
tense it's not actually
3:39
the action it's not actually the verb
3:42
this verb B is going to help us construct
3:46
the tense so now we have the subject
3:49
we have the auxiliary
3:50
verb be after that we add the ing
3:54
form of the verb
3:56
this particular ing form is called the gerend
4:00
in English but to keep things very simple
4:03
and to not use too many technical
4:05
terms I'm just going to call it the ing
4:08
form so to create the ing
4:11
form or the Geren
4:12
form of the verb
4:14
you just take the normal verb
4:16
and you add ining
4:18
to the end of it
4:19
so work becomes working
4:22
do becomes doing and
4:25
drive becomes driving if the verb ends with an e
4:30
for example like in drive
4:32
as we saw in our first sentence
4:34
you remove the E
4:36
and then you add
4:37
in so it becomes
4:40
driving the same happens with write
4:43
you remove the E
4:45
and then you add in
4:46
to create writing to sound more natural in English
4:51
you can combine the subject
4:53
and our auxiliary verb to be
4:55
together so I am
4:57
becomes I'm you are
4:59
becomes your she is becomes
5:03
she's Etc using contractions
5:06
will make you sound
5:07
much more natural so get used to using them and hearing them because you
5:11
will hear them a lot
5:13
so now you know how to use the present continuous
5:16
to talk about an action
5:18
happening right now at the time of speaking
5:21
but you can also use the present continuous
5:25
to talk about an action
5:26
that's in progress and hasn't finished
5:29
yet let me give you an example
5:32
I'm reading a really good book right now
5:35
I'm not reading the book
5:36
now in this moment it's not in my hand off
5:39
camera it's not happening
5:41
now but I started
5:44
reading the book and the action
5:46
of reading that book
5:48
continues I haven't finished reading the book
5:51
I am still continuing
5:53
to read the book
5:54
so we can use the present continuous
5:57
to talk about actions
5:58
that haven't finished yet
6:01
we are still in the middle
6:02
of that action I'm still in the middle of reading my book
6:07
to make the negative form
6:08
all you need to do is add
6:10
not after the auxiliary
6:12
verb be so I am not reading a book
6:16
or I'm not reading a book
6:19
Let's now do some activities
6:20
to help you practice
6:21
the continuous take a look at these pictures
6:25
and tell me what's happening
6:27
use the verb above the picture
6:29
to help you construct the sentence
6:31
pause the video if you feel you need a bit more time
6:35
so for number one you can say
6:37
she is taking a picture
6:40
she's taking a picture
6:42
or you can use the contracted
6:44
form she's taking a picture
6:46
for the second one you can say
6:49
they are crossing the road
6:52
they are crossing the road
6:54
or the contracted form
6:55
they're crossing the road
6:57
now we're going to look at the present
6:59
simple look at this
7:01
example Alex works as a nurse
7:04
he drives to work
7:06
every day we use the present simple tense to talk about things in general
7:12
like facts or we use it to talk about routines
7:15
and habits Alex works as a nurse
7:18
is a fact it's something
7:20
constant it's something general it's true
7:23
and he drives to work every day
7:26
is a habit it's a routine
7:28
to make the present simple tense for regular verbs
7:32
all you need to do is take the infinitive
7:34
form of the word
7:36
for example to work
7:38
and you remove to
7:39
so you're left with What's called the bare
7:42
infinitive once you're left with that all you need to do
7:46
is just conjugate it for he she
7:48
it this is very simple
7:50
a lot of the time you just add an S
7:53
so you have I work
7:56
you work he she it
7:58
works they work we work
8:02
and that's it you only conjugate
8:05
he she it in English
8:07
when you're talking about
8:09
the present simple let's try another one
8:11
for example to drive
8:14
what do we do
8:15
we remove to so we're left with
8:18
drive then we only
8:21
conjugate the third person
8:23
so he she it
8:25
and what do we add to the end
8:27
an S so we
8:30
I drive you drive
8:32
he she it drives
8:34
we drive they drive
8:36
remember he she it is the only one that
8:39
changes to make the negative form of the present simple
8:43
all you need to do is add
8:45
do not or does
8:47
not for he she it
8:49
and you add that after the subject
8:52
so I do not drive
8:54
she does not drive
8:57
you only need to conjugate
8:59
do in this case
9:01
so you don't need to say
9:02
she does not drives
9:05
that's a really common mistake
9:07
you only conjugate does
9:10
he does not drive
9:11
she does not drive
9:14
again if you want to sound more natural
9:16
then make sure you use the contracted
9:18
form I don't drive
9:20
she doesn't drive so let's practice the present simple
9:24
with some activities complete these sentences
9:27
using the following verbs
9:29
and pause the video if you feel you need more
9:35
time number one I speak
9:38
English and French number two
9:42
John and Jane do not
9:44
go to the same school
9:47
or John and Jane
9:49
don't go to the same school
9:52
number three the shop
9:54
closes at 6:00 p.m.
9:56
so it's the only one that changes
9:58
the shop Clos closes
10:00
because it's a singular
10:01
here we're treating it like
10:03
it so he she it
10:06
closes the shop closes
10:09
so remember to add that s
10:12
now let's compare the present continuous
10:14
and the present simple
10:16
so you use the present continuous
10:18
to talk about things that are happening
10:21
at or around the time of speaking
10:24
or when an action
10:25
started in the past
10:27
and it isn't complete
10:29
yet you use the present simple
10:31
to talk about more General
10:33
things like facts or to talk about things that happen
10:37
repeatedly like habits or
10:40
routines here are some examples
10:42
to show you the
10:43
difference I'm filming a video
10:46
right now which is true
10:48
I'm in this moment and telling you
10:50
I'm filming a video
10:52
right now I'm talking about an action
10:55
as I am doing that
10:56
action but I film a video video every week
11:00
is a routine it's something
11:03
repeated here are now some exercises
11:06
to help you practice
11:07
the difference between present simple
11:09
and present continuous look at the underlined
11:12
verb and decide whether it's correct
11:15
or not if it's not correct
11:17
then I'd like you to correct it
11:19
feel free to pause the video if you need more time
11:23
number one John is looking for
11:28
job this sentence is correct
11:31
because the action is not complete
11:33
yet it's still happening
11:35
he is still looking for a job
11:37
number two water is boiling
11:40
at 100° C this is incorrect
11:47
and the reason for this is because it's a fact
11:50
so water boils at 100°
11:54
C and number three the last one
11:57
she is walking her dog every
12:01
day this one is not correct
12:04
because it's a routine
12:06
every day we need to use the present simple
12:10
she walks her dog
12:12
every day now let's move on to some past tenses
12:16
and ways that you can talk about past
12:18
actions take a look at this
12:21
sentence I went to a party
12:23
last week this is an example
12:26
of the past simple
12:28
we use the past simple
12:29
to talk about actions
12:31
which started and finished
12:33
in the past as we know that the party happened
12:36
last week it's definitely
12:38
finished the party is not continuing
12:41
now it finished last week
12:43
so we know to use
12:45
the past simple to create the past simple tense in English
12:49
with regular verbs all you need to do is add Eed D to the
12:53
end of the verb
12:55
so the verb work
12:56
becomes worked want becomes
12:59
wanted and so on
13:02
if the verb ends with a Y
13:04
you change the Y
13:05
into an i and then add
13:08
Eed for example study
13:11
becomes studied there are three possible ways to pronounce the Ed endings
13:16
in English and if you'd like a full lesson to know when and how
13:20
to pronounce those Ed endings
13:22
then check out my video on that I will leave it linked Down Below
13:25
in the description I have also included
13:28
a little summary in the downloadable
13:30
PDF lesson notes so you can practice your pronunciation
13:34
there as well keep in mind that there are lots of irregular
13:38
verbs in English which don't follow this Ed
13:41
ending rule for example
13:43
write doesn't become writed
13:46
it becomes wrote C
13:49
is not seed it's
13:52
saw go is not goed
13:55
it's went and run
13:58
is not runed or runed
14:01
which I hear a lot
14:02
it's ran so keep an eye out for irregular
14:06
verbs in English because
14:07
there are many when you want to use the negative form all you need
14:11
to do is add did not
14:13
after the subject so
14:16
yesterday I went to the park
14:18
in the negative form
14:20
it becomes yesterday I did not go to the park
14:24
it's a really really common mistake for Learners to say
14:28
yesterday I did not
14:30
went you don't need to conjugate
14:32
that main verb all you need to do
14:34
is say did and that's it
14:37
so yesterday I did
14:39
not go to the park
14:42
let's now practice the past simple with some
14:44
exercises let's read what Laura
14:47
is saying here as you'll see it's all in the present tense
14:51
but listen carefully because I'm going to ask you some questions
14:55
after we finished reading
14:57
I usually get up at 7:00
14:59
and have a big
15:01
breakfast I walk to work
15:03
which takes me about
15:05
half an hour I start
15:07
work at 8:45 I never
15:11
have lunch I finish work at
15:14
5:00 I'm always tired
15:17
when I get home
15:19
I usually cook a meal
15:21
in the evening I don't
15:23
usually go out I go to bed at
15:27
11:00 and I always
15:30
sleep well now let's mention we're talking about Laura's
15:34
day but in the past
15:36
number one what time did Laura
15:38
get up Laura got up at
15:43
7:00 got is the past simple
15:47
of get it is
15:49
irregular number two did Laura eat
15:54
lunch no Laura did not eat lunch
15:59
or she didn't eat
16:01
lunch remember we don't say
16:04
did not ate we don't need to put the main verb
16:08
into the past as well because
16:10
did is already telling us that it happened in the past
16:14
number three what time did Laura
16:17
go to bed Laura
16:21
went to bed at
16:23
11:00 went is the past tense
16:26
of go go is an irregular
16:29
verb in English now let's look at the past
16:33
continuous the structure for the past continuous
16:36
is really similar to the present
16:39
continuous so if you remember
16:41
the present continuous is
16:43
the subject then the verb to be which is our
16:46
auxiliary verb our helping verb
16:49
and then the ing
16:50
form of the verb
16:52
the main verb for example
16:55
I am doing all we need to do for the past
16:59
continuous is just change
17:01
the verb to be
17:03
into the past so
17:05
I was doing I am doing
17:09
I was doing that's very simple to do
17:13
so remember that the verb to be is irregular
17:16
so I am doing
17:18
you are doing he she it is doing
17:21
becomes I was doing
17:23
you were doing he she it
17:26
was doing here's another example for
17:29
you this time last year
17:32
he was living in London
17:34
here we use the past continuous
17:36
he was living in London
17:38
because the action happened for a long period of time
17:42
in the past here's another
17:45
example at 9:00 a.m.
17:47
I started tennis at 1100 a.m.
17:51
I finished playing tennis at 10:00 a.m.
17:56
I was playing here I'm using
18:00
the past continuous with
18:02
I was playing tennis
18:04
because I was in the middle of doing a longer
18:08
action in the past
18:10
you can also use the past simple
18:12
and the past continuous
18:14
together to talk about how a longer
18:16
action was interrupted by another
18:19
action for example I was taking
18:22
a shower when you called me
18:25
so I was in the middle of doing a longer
18:28
action when you interrupted
18:31
that action now let's practice with some activities
18:35
take a look at this task
18:36
here I'd like you to fill in the gaps
18:39
pause the video if you need more
18:46
time I saw Sarah
18:48
in town yesterday but
18:52
she didn't see me
18:55
she was looking in the other
18:57
direction so with the first sentence
19:00
I saw Sarah it happened
19:03
in the past it was an action
19:05
that finished in the past
19:07
but she didn't see me
19:09
again this is one action
19:11
that happened in the past and finished
19:14
in the past but we use
19:16
she was looking in the other direction
19:19
because this action happened for a longer
19:22
period of time she was doing
19:24
the action of looking
19:26
in the other direction
19:27
when I saw her
19:29
so she didn't see me
19:32
those two little actions
19:34
happened while she was looking
19:36
in the other direction
19:39
next we have the present
19:40
perfect in English we use the present perfect to talk about experiences
19:45
that happened in the past
19:47
with no specific time given to them
19:50
to create this tense
19:51
you have the subject
19:52
for example I and then you have the auxiliary
19:56
verb have this only con
19:58
Ates with he she it like our other verbs
20:01
and it becomes he she it
20:04
has then you use What's called
20:07
the past participle of the verb
20:09
the past participle is usually formed by adding Ed
20:13
to the end of the verb
20:15
so a verb like
20:16
walk becomes walked just like we looked at with the past simple
20:22
so in the present perfect
20:24
this becomes I have
20:27
walked I have walked
20:30
you can also contract
20:31
the subject and the auxiliary
20:33
verb have and just say
20:35
I've walked again you can do that with all the different subjects
20:40
so you have walked
20:42
becomes you've walked she
20:44
he it has walked
20:46
so bear in mind that that has
20:49
changes there has walked
20:51
so she's walked he's walked
20:55
it's walked we'd walked
20:57
and they'd walked walked
20:59
a lot of irregular
21:00
verbs in English tend to have e n
21:04
at the end of the past
21:05
participle so write becomes
21:08
wrote in the past simple
21:10
but written in the past
21:13
participle the same with
21:15
take took and taken
21:19
or eat ate and
21:22
eaten so let's take a look at an example
21:25
of when we use the present perfect
21:27
to talk about experiences
21:30
take a look at this
21:31
example I have been to Japan
21:34
do you know when I went to
21:36
Japan no we don't know when I went to Japan
21:40
all that matters here is the experience
21:43
it's the action that's all that's important
21:46
with the present perfect
21:47
you can also use the present perfect to talk about actions
21:51
which started in the past
21:53
but they continue to happen in the present
21:57
or there is a connection
21:58
to the present for example
22:01
I have lost my
22:02
keys this means that I lost my keys in the past
22:06
and they are still lost
22:08
now because with the present perfect
22:10
there is a connection
22:12
to the present if you say
22:14
I lost my keys with the present simple
22:18
it's not clear whether you found your keys or not
22:21
they could still be lost or maybe you found them
22:25
but with the present
22:26
perfect when you say
22:28
I have lost my keys
22:31
it implies that the keys are still
22:33
lost to make the negative form of the present perfect
22:37
just add not after
22:39
have or has so
22:42
I have not lost my keys
22:44
she has not lost her keys
22:47
let's now practice with some exercises
22:49
using the words in the brackets
22:51
I'd like you to fill the gaps
22:53
for example we have
22:55
he a horse he
22:58
has ridden a horse
23:01
ridden is the past participle
23:03
of ride ride Rod
23:06
ridden it's irregular now I'd like you to try with these three sentences
23:11
here using the verb in the brackets
23:14
I'd like you to fill the Gap with the present perfect
23:17
pause the video if you feel you need more
23:23
time number one irregular
23:26
verb eaten she has not eaten
23:30
all the bread or
23:32
she hasn't eaten all the bread
23:35
number two I have met her before
23:38
or I've met her
23:40
before number three he has not finished his homework
23:44
or he hasn't finished his
23:47
homework now let's move on to the present perfect
23:51
continuous we use the present perfect continuous
23:54
to talk about an action
23:55
which started in the past
23:57
and it continues to happen
24:00
up to the present
24:01
time this is formed
24:03
in a very similar way to the present
24:05
perfect tense the only difference
24:08
is just adding a little bit extra
24:10
so we start with the subject
24:12
and then have or has
24:14
like we looked at before
24:16
I have or you
24:18
have he she it
24:20
has remember the third person
24:22
always changes then you add
24:25
been so I've been
24:28
you've been he she it has been
24:31
Etc then you add the ing
24:34
form of the verb
24:36
remember we looked at this with the continuous
24:39
verbs like I am
24:41
doing here we can say
24:44
I have been doing
24:47
I have been doing
24:48
you have been doing
24:50
he she it has been doing
24:52
and remember you only need to conjugate
24:55
the auxiliary verb have so I have have you have he she it has
25:01
has is the only one you need to think about conjugating
25:04
here so here's an example
25:06
a real example I have been recording
25:10
this video for over 3
25:12
hours it's true so I've been recording
25:17
this video for over 3 hours
25:20
so I'm using the present perfect tense here because I'm talking about an action
25:24
which started in the past
25:26
and it's continuing to happen
25:29
in the present you can also use it for actions
25:32
which have only recently
25:34
stopped but there is a connection
25:37
somehow to the present
25:39
I'll give you some examples
25:41
example number one I have been living in Spain
25:44
for 2 years the action started
25:47
2 years ago and it continues
25:50
to happen now in the present
25:53
with the second example
25:54
I'd like you to imagine that you're looking outside your window
25:58
you you see that the sky
25:59
is now clear but before
26:01
it was raining and it only stopped raining
26:05
about 5 minutes ago
26:07
you can say it has been
26:10
raining now this time we're talking about an action
26:14
which started in the past
26:16
and only recently finished
26:19
so with the present perfect continuous
26:21
you can use it to talk about actions which started
26:24
in the past and only
26:26
recently finished now let's practice with some examples
26:30
I'm going to read some sentences
26:32
to give you context
26:33
but I'd like you to fill the gaps
26:36
pause if you need more time
26:38
number one it is
26:40
snowing it started snowing
26:43
3 hours ago it
26:46
for 3 hours it has been snowing
26:53
for 3 hours number two
26:56
I am learning Spanish
26:58
I started learning Spanish
27:00
10 years ago I
27:03
Spanish for 10 years
27:10
I have been learning
27:11
Spanish for 10 years
27:14
number three I started
27:16
cleaning my office this morning
27:19
I finished just before
27:21
I started recording this video
27:24
I my office all morning
27:29
I have been cleaning
27:31
my office all morning
27:34
now let's look at the past perfect
27:36
we use the past perfect
27:38
when we want to say that one action happened before another
27:41
action for example Sarah
27:44
had finished her homework
27:46
before she ate dinner
27:48
she had finished her homework
27:50
first and then the second action was she ate dinner
27:55
here's another example I had eaten
27:58
before you arrived so I had eaten
28:01
was the first action
28:03
then after that you arrived
28:05
as you can see the structure
28:07
of the past perfect
28:08
is really similar to the present perfect
28:11
remember with the present perfect
28:13
we used I have eaten
28:16
but with the past perfect
28:18
you just put have
28:19
into the past I had eaten
28:22
you had eaten she he it had eaten
28:26
to sound more natural
28:27
you can contract and you can say
28:30
I'd done you'd done
28:32
we'd done she'd done
28:34
he'd done Etc to make it negative
28:37
you just add not
28:39
after had so I had cleaned
28:43
becomes I had not cleaned
28:45
or to sound more natural
28:47
you can squish those words together and contract
28:49
them and say I hadn't
28:52
cleaned now let's practice with some example
28:55
sentences as always you can pause to give yourself
28:58
extra time number one
29:01
the performance before we
29:05
arrived the performance had started
29:08
before we arrived number two
29:11
he the door before he went to
29:17
bed he had locked
29:20
the door before he went to bed
29:23
number three I my suitcase
29:26
before I left for the
29:31
airport I had packed my suitcase
29:34
before I left for the airport
29:37
now let's move on to the next tense
29:39
I'm going to read an example
29:40
sentence pay attention yesterday
29:43
I got home from work
29:45
extremely tired I had been working
29:48
hard all day this is the past
29:52
perfect continuous you use the past perfect continuous
29:57
to emphasize the duration
29:59
of an action so if you think of
30:02
past perfect as just being one complete
30:05
action past perfect continuous
30:07
is a longer action and you're emphasizing
30:11
that that action happened for a long time
30:14
and it happened before
30:16
another action happened so in our example
30:20
sentence I had been working
30:23
all day I'm emphasizing
30:25
the fact I had been working for a long
30:28
time all day and then I got home
30:31
so that second inter
30:33
interaction that second action
30:35
is I got home
30:37
here's another example I had been painting the house
30:41
before you arrived I had been painting for a long time
30:46
and then you arrived
30:48
so by using the past perfect continuous
30:51
I'm emphasizing the duration
30:53
of the action to create the structure
30:56
for the past perfect Contin
30:58
it's very easy because nothing really changes
31:01
you don't need to conjugate
31:03
anything you just start with the subject
31:06
then had been and then the ing
31:09
form of the verb
31:11
for example I had been waiting
31:14
in a full sentence
31:15
I had been waiting
31:17
for half an hour
31:18
when the boss finally
31:20
arrived so I had been waiting for half an hour
31:24
when the boss finally arrived
31:27
you can also use use the past perfect continuous
31:29
to talk about cause and effect
31:32
for example she was out of breath
31:35
because she had been running
31:38
remember to sound more natural
31:40
you can contract the subject
31:42
and had together so you can say
31:45
I'd been doing you'd been doing
31:48
she'd been doing he'd been doing
31:50
it had been doing
31:51
we'd been doing and so on
31:54
and to make it negative
31:55
you just add not
31:57
in between had and been so
31:59
I had not been doing
32:01
she had not been doing you had not been doing
32:04
or you can contract
32:05
and you can say
32:06
hadn't so you contract
32:08
had and not this time
32:11
I hadn't been doing
32:13
you hadn't been doing
32:14
she hadn't been doing
32:16
Etc now it's time to practice your grammar with some more
32:20
exercises remember pause the video if you need more time
32:25
number one we V dear games
32:28
all afternoon before our mom told us to
32:34
stop we had been playing
32:37
or we'd been playing
32:39
notice as well that when I say this very quickly
32:42
I don't say had been
32:44
playing I say had been
32:47
had been playing so keep that in mind for your pronunciation
32:50
and it will also help you with your listening
32:52
skills number two Phil
32:55
was very tired when he got home
32:58
he day he had been working
33:04
all day or he'd been working
33:07
all day number three
33:09
the bus was extremely
33:11
late everyone for the bus for over an
33:19
hour everyone had been waiting
33:22
for the bus for over an hour
33:25
number four Maria failed
33:27
her exam she very hard
33:31
all summer she hadn't
33:36
been studying very hard
33:38
all summer now it's time to talk about the future
33:42
when you decide in the present
33:44
moment to do something
33:45
in the future you use
33:48
will conjugating will is very easy
33:51
because it doesn't change
33:53
so we say I will
33:55
do so you add the verb
33:58
you will do she will do
34:00
he will do it will do
34:02
we will do they will do it's very easy
34:06
you don't need to change
34:07
anything to sound more natural
34:09
you can contract the subject
34:12
and will I'll do
34:14
you'll do she'll do
34:16
Etc now let's imagine
34:18
this for a moment
34:20
you walk into a room and you see that the window
34:23
is open someone has left the window open
34:26
so you say oh
34:28
I'll close the window
34:30
I'll close the window
34:32
you use will in this case because you're setting
34:35
the intention now you can also use will
34:39
when you want to offer to do something
34:42
for example that box looks heavy
34:45
I'll help you you can also use will when you agree to do something
34:50
for example I'll give you this book
34:52
the next time I see you
34:54
and finally you can use will to make promises
34:57
for example I'll send you the document later
35:01
to make will into the negative
35:03
you just add not
35:05
after it so I will not send you the document
35:09
if you want to sound more natural
35:11
then you just contract
35:12
will and not together
35:14
and create won't so
35:17
I won't send you the document
35:19
later you can also use won't
35:22
when you want to say that someone
35:24
or something refuses to do something
35:26
so it sounds very very strong like a strong
35:30
refusal for example the pen
35:33
won't work or imagine you can't close the window
35:37
you can say the window
35:38
won't close it's like it's refusing
35:41
to close let's say
35:43
when we talk about plans for the future
35:45
we tend to use will
35:46
when we make the plan
35:48
in that moment while we're speaking
35:51
for example imagine you ask me now Emma
35:54
what are you going to do this weekend
35:56
and I have no plans
35:58
I could say oo I don't know
36:01
I think I'll go to the park
36:04
I think I'll go because I just decided
36:06
now I made the plan
36:08
now while I'm talking to you
36:11
you can also use will for
36:12
General future intentions and plans
36:15
so it's not concrete
36:17
it's just one day it will
36:19
happen for example one day
36:23
I'll travel to India
36:24
I don't know when I don't have a plan I have no idea idea
36:27
when I will go
36:29
but I will go one day
36:31
here's another example I'll see you another time
36:34
do I know when I will see you
36:37
no but I will I intend
36:39
to I plan to
36:41
one day in the future
36:43
see you sometime so you see that with will
36:46
we don't really have any
36:48
concrete intentions it's not necessarily
36:51
a 100% plan next we're going to look at going to
36:56
going to is for future plans that you have already
37:00
decided to do so you intend to do these plans because you've already decided
37:05
to do them in the past
37:06
for example imagine that today is Monday
37:09
and I decide I want to buy a new phone
37:13
I then make the plan to go to the shop
37:15
on Saturday to buy the new phone
37:18
then on Thursday you see me
37:21
and you say Emma
37:22
do you have any plans for Saturday
37:25
and I say yes I do
37:28
on Saturday I'm going to buy a new phone
37:32
so I use I'm going to buy
37:34
because I made the plan on Monday
37:37
I set the intention
37:39
the plan on Monday
37:41
the structure for going to
37:43
is very simple just use the subject
37:46
for example I and then the present form of to be
37:50
so I am then the phrase
37:53
going to and then the verb
37:55
so I am going
37:57
to visit you are going to visit
38:00
she's going to visit
38:02
we are going to visit
38:03
they are going to visit
38:05
to sound more natural you can contract
38:07
the subject and to be so
38:10
I'm going to visit
38:11
you're going to visit
38:13
she's going to visit
38:14
he's going to visit
38:16
Etc here are some more
38:18
examples I'm going to have a coffee with my friend
38:21
tomorrow you can also use going to with future
38:25
actions or predictions which are very very obvious
38:29
for example careful you're going to walk into that
38:33
wall you're going to get sick if you only eat junk
38:37
food now take a look at these sentences
38:40
and complete the gaps
38:42
remember you can pause the video
38:43
if you need more
38:46
time number one his car stopped working
38:50
last week so he
38:53
another one tomorrow so he
38:57
is going to buy
38:59
another one tomorrow or
39:01
he's going to buy another one tomorrow
39:04
number two I'm too tired
39:06
so I football tonight
39:12
so I'm not going to play football
39:14
tonight or so I am not going to play football
39:18
tonight number three he bought a new table
39:22
but he doesn't know where he
39:25
it yet where he
39:30
is going to put it yet
39:32
or where he's going to put it yet
39:36
finally our last two tenses
39:39
that we're going to look at in this unit
39:41
are actually two tenses
39:43
you have already learned
39:44
in this video before
39:46
you learned how to use the present continuous
39:49
to talk about actions that are happening
39:52
right now for example
39:54
I am recording a video
39:56
and you also learn
39:57
about how to use the present simple
39:59
to talk about things which are a routine
40:02
or a general fact
40:03
for example I record
40:05
videos every week take a look at these examples
40:09
using the present continuous
40:11
but we're talking about the future
40:14
I'm not working tomorrow
40:17
I'm meeting my friend
40:18
this evening here we're using the present
40:21
continuous but why because these are concrete
40:25
plans which I've already
40:27
decided to do in the future
40:29
notice how using the present continuous
40:32
and going to are very similar
40:34
because you use both of them to talk about actions you already
40:38
decided to do but the key difference
40:40
here is that when you know a plan or an action
40:43
will 100% happen in the future
40:47
you use the present continuous
40:49
the present continuous sounds
40:51
stronger it sounds like
40:53
100% the action is going to happen
40:56
when you use is going to
40:58
it basically indicates to the other person
41:01
ah okay that person
41:03
set the intention in the past
41:05
the plan has already been made
41:07
but it doesn't sound as concrete
41:10
as present continuous the present continuous
41:13
sounds very concrete like
41:15
100% that plan is going to happen
41:18
for example I can't help you tomorrow
41:21
I'm visiting my grandparents
41:23
it sounds like 100%
41:25
I'm visiting my grandparents
41:27
no matter what that plan is not going to change
41:30
now let's look at the present simple
41:32
and using it for the future
41:34
take a look at these
41:35
examples tomorrow my plane leaves at 700 a.m.
41:40
classes start next week at 9:00 a.m.
41:44
so notice with these that when we use the present simple to talk about
41:48
future actions it's for things which follow
41:52
a schedule so anything that follows
41:54
a timetable or a schedule
41:56
of some kind you can use the present
41:58
simple for example Transportation
42:01
like train times flights
42:03
Etc you can use it for Cinema times for TV
42:07
times things like that like TV
42:09
programs all of these follow a schedule
42:12
or you could use it for courses
42:14
like the classes start at 9:00 a.m.
42:17
they follow a timetable
42:19
I'd like you to look at these sentences
42:20
and decide whether we should use the present simple
42:24
or the present continuous
42:25
in the gaps remember you can pause the video if you need more time
42:32
one Susan is not
42:35
visiting us tomorrow or
42:38
Susan isn't visiting us tomorrow
42:40
so this is a concrete
42:42
plan she's not visiting us tomorrow
42:45
number two the meeting
42:50
starts at 10:00 tomorrow morning
42:54
the meeting starts because it's a sh scheduled
42:57
thing it's a scheduled
42:59
event number three I'm afraid I can't help you tomorrow
43:07
I am visiting my grandparents
43:10
or I'm visiting my
43:12
grandparents we use the present continuous
43:14
because this is a concrete
43:16
100% plan number four
43:22
the train leaves at 6:00 p.m.
43:25
the train leaves because
43:26
this this train follows
43:28
a timetable it follows a schedule
43:30
so we use the present
43:32
simple and that is the end of today's
43:34
English grammar lesson on all the tenses
43:37
from levels A1 to B2
43:40
to talk about the past
43:41
present and future correctly
43:43
in English if you want to practice today's tenses
43:47
and learn even more tenses
43:49
to help you speak English
43:50
more accurately and confidently
43:53
then remember that you can get 25%
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off the interactive book version of cambridge's
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exercises answers and some pronunciation
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tips scatter throughout so you can practice and improve your English pronunciation
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as well the link to download
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if you have made it all the way to this part of the video
44:41
then thank you so much for watching
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and comment down below
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my favorite animal I
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think I think my favorite animals
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hours poor thing I should go take her for a walk right now
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remember to give this video a like if you've enjoyed it and you've learned
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