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Mark Rober
Octopus vs Underwater Maze
Octopus vs Underwater Maze
Mark Rober
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17:13 · Nov 24, 2023
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this
is
my
pet
octopus
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0:00
this is my pet octopus
0:01
named sashimi and this is a vault filled with all her favorite food the
0:06
only problem is in order to get to this fault she'll have to rely
0:09
on her incredible intelligence
0:11
and dexterity to make it all the way through this nine-part
0:14
underwater obstacle course and just like when I made my backyard obstacle course for
0:18
squirrels out of the gate I will admit in hindsight
0:21
I completely underestimated the capabilities
0:24
of this remarkable creature but to understand how we even ended up at this
0:27
spot we need to go back in time 6 months when I decided to
0:30
get a pet octopus to see for myself
0:32
if they were really as smart as people say they are and after bringing
0:36
her home to Crunch labs and putting her into a saltwater
0:39
optimized and appropriately decorated
0:42
tank she made herself right at home and the first thing that stood out
0:45
is just how curious
0:47
they are for example when you put anything into the tank including your arm
0:50
they immediately swim towards it and just want to interact
0:53
and we'll cover this in a minute but beyond just being able to really
0:56
securely latch on to things like my hand she's so strong wrong
1:00
oh my God her suckers are also gathering
1:04
information about me like my smell
1:06
taste and color and so after just a few weeks given how playful she
1:10
is it's hard not to form a quick bond for example she loved to
1:13
go up and wave for tentacles
1:14
in the jet stream which I assume is the octopus equivalent of a dog
1:17
sticking its head out a car window she could play catch with us she
1:20
had a propensity for selfies
1:22
anytime she saw a camera and whenever we'd put a toy submersible
1:26
in her tank she would go full 20,000
1:29
Lees under to see and as I did more research I learned that for
1:32
the 100 million octopi
1:33
every year us humans put on a dinner plate or in a pet store
1:37
basically all are born
1:39
and originally raised in the ocean meaning they aren't bred in captivity
1:43
which is when I was hit with a startling realization
1:45
that essentially made me
1:47
the bad guy in Finding Nemo and since no one wants to be the
1:49
bad guy in Finding Nemo
1:51
as much as we'd already come to love Sashimi
1:53
here at crunch Labs I did some investigating
1:55
and found out from the pet store we got her from the exact spot
1:58
they pulled her out of the ocean the only problem with my plan of
2:00
returning her was she'd been hand-fed
2:02
now for quite some time so the idea was that if she could figure
2:05
out and remember how to solve an obstacle course maze then I would be
2:07
assured that she could figure out and remember
2:10
her early days hunting in the ocean
2:11
and we could send her back home with confidence phase one of the plan
2:14
was to give her some challenges
2:16
and then observe her behavior
2:17
to understand what capabilities
2:18
she actually had and as it turns out
2:21
it's a lot for starters
2:24
their ability to color and shape shift is unmatched
2:27
in the animal kingdom for example
2:29
Can you spot the octopus
2:30
hiding in plain sight
2:32
right here and the only thing more impressive than that is when you slow
2:36
it down and play it in reverse
2:38
to see just how quickly
2:39
and convincingly these changes
2:41
occur and it's not just camouflage
2:43
as a form of protection
2:45
they can also mimic the shape of larger more predatory
2:48
animals like eels and as Simi shows here and you can see here they've
2:52
even come up with some pretty creative ways to scoot
2:54
themselves around and on top of that there's stories from octopus
2:57
researchers where they will recognize and shoot shoot water at only one specific
3:01
person anytime they walk by the tank and they'll still recognize
3:05
that person even if they switch clothes with other people or there's other stories
3:08
where the octopus will repeatedly shoot water jets at the light switch to turn
3:12
off the lights in the room it's also not uncommon for them to escape
3:15
their tanks at night to better map out the room they're being stored in
3:18
or to even raid the other tanks for food only to return to their
3:21
tank in the morning like nothing ever happened
3:23
and after a month or two of observation
3:25
once we had really come to
3:27
understand each other we had all the data we needed to interface
3:29
too so after a lot of brainstorming
3:31
CAD 3D printing and laser cutting
3:34
we eventually landed here starting at the conclusion of the nine part obstacle course
3:38
with the Golden Vault
3:39
if she can figure out how to unscrew
3:41
the vault door well then she's earned the 3 lbs of her favorite food
3:44
shrimp contained therein and the reason we know it's her favorite food is because
3:48
over the course of a week we prepared an underwater seafood buffet with four
3:51
different food options and all four times we repeated the experiment
3:54
the aroma from the shrimp was consistently
3:56
the most irresistible but in order to earn that succulent reward she's got her
4:00
work cut out for her starting back at the beginning with challenge number one
4:04
the over under if she finds a way to get under this barrier through
4:07
these rocks well then she's got to find a way to get over this
4:10
barrier through these floating balls
4:12
and if she manages that then it's through the green circular
4:15
portal where she'll find herself face to face with this four panel revolving door
4:19
and if she works out how revolving doors work and makes it through the
4:21
next screen portal well then Sashimi
4:23
will basically be met by a wall
4:25
and at this point it's game over unless she correctly deduces
4:28
that by pushing this block out she can pass through the corter
4:31
and continue her journey upwards
4:33
to the ball drop and this is where things level up a notch because
4:36
dexterity becomes much more critical
4:38
in this case she has to grab this lever and rotate it in this
4:41
slot which will allow it to fall down with the balls trailing
4:44
behind clearing up the pathway upwards through the tube but then once she swims
4:48
up the tube she'll be trapped because the port hole out is blocked by
4:52
this Red Gate that is unless she figures out how to hit the emergency
4:55
exit button which will push this glass counterweight
4:57
ball down off the edge thereby by pulling the gate up and allowing entry
5:01
into perhaps my favorite obstacle
5:03
The Fish Out of Water
5:04
because here the only way for sashimi
5:07
to continue her progress would be to flex her ability to comfortably
5:10
live on land for up to an hour by crawling out of the water
5:13
up over and back down
5:15
on the other side where after passing through the portal she gets a bit
5:18
of a power up because on the back side of the snorkeling fat Gus
5:21
is a shrimp now this is a bit of a throwback
5:23
to the tourist trap on the squirrel maze where a strategically
5:27
placed snack led to a timely photo op but in in this case I
5:30
call it the Medusa
5:31
because the hope is that as she eats the shrimp with her beak on
5:33
the underside of where her legs all come together it will look like fat
5:36
Gus has eight braids
5:38
of beautiful flowing hair and now that she's feeling refreshed
5:41
Sashimi can hopefully finish strong strong with the penultimate
5:43
challenge which is sort of a double obstacle
5:46
because there are six holes in the top ranging from small to really small
5:49
and if she takes the easy route by squeezing through the least small hole
5:53
well then she has a lot more maze to deal with as opposed to
5:55
the smallest hole that puts her right at the Finish either way at this
5:58
point she's made it here here and if she solves the final puzzle by
6:01
unscrewing the vault door she's not only earned the all you can eat seafood
6:05
buffet but she's proven she's quick enough on her tentacles
6:08
to handle being returned back to her ocean home to the very tide pools
6:12
she was raised in so with everything in place all that was left to
6:14
do was open this ball valve and as the smell of fresh shrimp made
6:18
its way to her tank she made her way down the tube like an
6:21
eight-legged Gladiator to her saltwater
6:23
Coliseum so while we wait for her to make that 40c
6:26
Trek this is the perfect time to mention that if you want a Christmas
6:29
morning rea action like this
6:31
or this or this
6:33
yes look then a crunch slabs build box subscription
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is the answer cuz with the build box not only do you get a
6:38
super fun toy that you get to put together every month but you do
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it alongside me while I teach you all the incredible
6:44
physics behind how it works
6:46
we're right there in the trenches
6:47
building learning and succeeding
6:49
together so the principles really sink in it works so if you're a kid
6:53
and you're looking for something to put at the top of your Christmas list
6:55
or you're just looking to be the household Hero by giving it to someone
6:58
else use the link in video description or head to Crunch labs.com
7:01
where we're giving away two free boxes
7:03
as our holiday special
7:05
now back to Sashimi
7:06
after making it into the main tank then sort of exploring
7:09
the borders of the maze for a bit she made her way inside
7:11
fairly quickly but then sort of just chill
7:14
like she really didn't
7:15
understand what she was supposed to do next
7:17
but since you can only ignore the ambrosial
7:19
smell of raw fresh shrimp for so long she eventually got curious and started
7:24
exploring and one of the first things we observed is that anytime she's in
7:26
a new environment she kind of maps things out by walking
7:29
around Gathering data with her arms as opposed to just swimming around freely through
7:33
the middle and soon enough
7:35
she had things figured out now mid's
7:37
first challenge was a bit of a softball
7:38
because having observed Sashimi in her home tank I knew she was good at
7:41
digging and burrowing herself
7:43
in the sand using the water propulsion
7:45
from her siphon tube to clear the Rocks away the floating balls were even
7:48
less of a challenge for her and after making it through you really get
7:51
a sense of how much she sends out her arms as Scouts
7:54
to gather critical information
7:56
especially in the wild they can reach their arms around
7:59
and in inside crevices
8:00
not only to smell and taste but as we'll cover in a minute even
8:03
see and independently think so obstacle one was pretty straightforward
8:07
but figuring out how to operate a revolving door would be a much
8:14
wow okay I see how this is going to be
8:18
this was my first real indicator
8:19
that we were headed for a real battle of wits
8:22
it was a similar feeling
8:23
to when the squirrels
8:24
eventually outsmarted my rope Bridge of instability
8:27
by just jumping over it all together
8:29
and I really should have seen this coming because as you can see in
8:32
this video of an octopus escaping from a ship as long as an opening
8:35
is bigger than their beak which is the only actual hard part of their
8:38
body then they can eventually
8:40
squeeze through it in fact if we roll that back you can see sashimi's
8:43
beak or mouth right here and while this part looks like a big nose
8:47
that's actually their main body where all their vital organs reside
8:51
like their brain stomach
8:52
gills kidneys inks saac
8:55
siphon and their three
8:56
hearts two other cool facts about octopi
8:59
is their blood is blue
9:00
because it's copper based since that's more efficient in cold low oxygen environments
9:04
and if they lose an arm they can regrow it completely
9:06
and it will look indistinguishable
9:08
from the original next up was the block push once again she got to
9:11
this point and was sort of stumped without an obvious path forward but this
9:15
is where their Natural
9:16
Curiosity pays off because she's not just feeling surfaces with her arms but also
9:20
constantly pulling and pushing to see what she can interact with and so sort
9:24
of by default she figured out this red part of the wall doesn't push
9:28
back as hard which cleared the way up to the ball drop and I
9:31
knew this one would be tough for her because number one there's not enough
9:34
room for her to just squeeze by and number two pushing and pulling on
9:37
walls wasn't going to solve it either and after struggling in vain to find
9:40
out what she was supposed to do for quite some time eventually she got
9:43
frustrated and just stopped
9:45
and sat there almost like she was processing
9:48
all the data she just gathered
9:50
and this was the moment I knew for sure
9:52
I was in over my head cuz while basically
9:54
maintaining eye contact with me as a flex
9:57
she reaches up with one arm and then twists the bar
10:01
which dislodges the ball
10:02
allowing her to clear them out
10:04
and move on and this feels like the perfect moment to tell you that
10:07
my absolute favorite fact about the octopus
10:09
is that they are truly the closest thing we have to intelligent
10:12
alien life on this planet
10:15
and here's what I mean by that this is a very simplified
10:17
version of a tree of life these kind of diagrams show you how all
10:20
life is related and what evolved from what how do we know this well
10:24
by being true scientific
10:25
detectives and looking for clues
10:27
for example a few hundred years ago scientists notied that us humans have seven
10:31
vertebrae in our necks but so do giraffes
10:34
but wait a sec so do whales
10:36
mice elephants Lions horses
10:38
and bats so that's a clue they all share a common ancestor
10:42
and belong to this group called mammals
10:44
and it's not just neckbones
10:45
watch what happens if you compare the arm bone configurations
10:48
of a human to a bat
10:50
to a chicken to a turtle
10:52
to a dolphin it's wild what tiny beneficial
10:55
mutations and millions of generations
10:57
can produce and of course with genome sequencing
10:59
developing over the last 40 years it's allowed us to compare the DNA of
11:03
different species and sort of check our answers in the back of the book
11:06
anyways using this techniques if you want to see where our lineage
11:09
broke off from that of octopi
11:10
in the tree of life you have to go back over half a billion
11:13
years ago to a simple
11:15
flat Worm but if you look closely
11:17
all of what we think of as the smart animals
11:19
are over here on this side of the tree of life including Dolphins
11:23
dogs pigs horses humans
11:25
but even birds dinosaurs
11:27
and fish and their intelligence
11:29
way of thinking are all related to each other sort of like those armb
11:32
bones I showed but octopi
11:34
developed their intelligence completely
11:36
independently from everything over here like an alien from another
11:40
planet and that's why they're built just so differently from us for example they
11:43
have twice as many neurons as a cat but unlike all the animals over
11:47
here where all the neurons are focused in the brain in octopi
11:50
only onethird of their neurons are in the brain and the rest are in
11:53
their arms which means they not only smell and taste but they can even
11:57
think and act independently
11:58
with their AR arms that means that even if their arm is cut off
12:01
the arm can still camouflage
12:03
itself to the surroundings
12:04
by sensing light it would be like closing your eyes walking into a room
12:08
touching a wall and having your hand match the color
12:11
Having Eight independent mini brains along with a larger Central brain
12:15
is as incomprehensible as alien
12:18
intelligence to us now back at the maze sushimi
12:20
had made it to the emergency
12:22
button putting her at the halfway mark and as usual she starts by having
12:25
her arms do all the Recon work and it's almost like once she feel
12:29
The Red Door she figures out my trick and then immediately
12:32
pushes the button to drop the ball
12:34
and open the gate to move on to my favorite obstacle
12:37
the fish out of water
12:39
and I was relieved to see that I had thrown her another curveball
12:42
because after quite a bit of exploratory
12:44
arm Expeditions she realizes
12:47
The Only Way Forward
12:48
is up and out
12:51
and so after psyching herself
12:53
up she just goes for it sliding
12:57
up over and eventually
13:00
down and this demonstrates
13:02
another octopus superpower because they could survive out of water for up to an
13:05
hour and as you can see here
13:08
sh I there's an octopus
13:10
aiding a crab it's one of the reasons there're such successful
13:13
hunters in and around tide pools and now that we're coming down the final
13:16
stretch I figured she deserved
13:18
a bit of a snack break with the Medusa
13:20
and just like I'd hoped once she saw the shrimp attached to the back
13:23
she starts chomping down with her beak and since that's right at the center
13:26
of all her legs we get a couple different hair options for for fat
13:29
Gus starting first with a more free flowing sandy blonde option which eventually morphed
13:33
into more of a darkhaired
13:35
updo now the reason she's able to change your appearance so drastically is because
13:38
all octopi have four tricks up their sleeve
13:41
first their skin is covered in tiny little sacks called chromatophores
13:44
filled with either black red or yellow pigment and then they use their muscles
13:47
to stretch those sacks like a balloon
13:49
to achieve any combination
13:50
of those three colors then they've got a layer below that called idap fores
13:54
that bounce back specific wavelengths
13:56
of light giving those iridescent
13:57
Blues like peacock or beetles
13:59
then there's even one more layer that reflects back ambient light called Lucifers
14:04
on top of all that they can also use a muscular structure called Papa
14:07
to change the texture of their skin creating ridges and bumps
14:10
and because they can change any of those in as little as 200 milliseconds
14:13
which is literally less than the blink of an eye it makes them the
14:16
true Masters of Disguise
14:17
in the animal kingdom
14:19
now she was on to the Maze and you can see she opted for
14:21
the largest hole which of course means she had the maximum amount of maze
14:24
ahead of her and I love this because it's sort of classic Sashimi
14:28
at this point but you can she's willing to play along for quite a
14:31
while and make just about every possible Wrong Turn along the way but then
14:34
eventually she's over it and just cuts right to the end and while that's
14:37
technically an automatic DQ
14:39
I took the high road and let it slide
14:41
which brought her to the Golden Vault
14:43
after a month or so of training on all the obstacles
14:46
she had finally done it and with a tide on her side
14:49
she went straight for the door ripped it off the foundation
14:52
and then immediately B
14:53
in the sweet delicious
14:54
Taste of a hard-earned victory
14:56
in the largest stockpile
14:58
of shrimp she'd ever scene and after letting her Gorge for a bit it
15:01
was time for me to uphold my end of the deal and give her
15:04
the Finding Nemo happy ending she deserved
15:06
by driving her 8 hours down the coast back to the exact Beach where
15:10
she was raised having figured out and remembered the solutions to all my dumb
15:14
puzzles I was convinced she could certainly figure out and remember what it was
15:17
like to hunt for her own food in the open ocean and this was
15:20
a Bittersweet moment because there's one octopus
15:23
fact I haven't mentioned
15:24
and that's that their entire lifespan
15:26
is only about 1 and 1/2 years and as a final act after laying
15:30
her eggs a female will continually
15:32
watch over and protect them to the point that she stops eating
15:36
and dies which meant in the exact same CES and tide pools that her
15:40
mother did for her soon sushimi
15:42
would be extending that everchanging
15:43
Tree of Life by One More generation
15:46
only perhaps this time creating a new branch
15:48
of super intelligent puzzle solving
15:51
Offspring with everything you know about Sashimi
15:53
at this point it should come as no surprise she also has incredible
15:56
taste in toys but we should also hopefully
15:59
surprise you after watching the videos I've been making on YouTube for 12 years
16:02
is that learning science and engineering
16:04
doesn't have to be sucky and boring
16:06
which is exactly why I started a toy company called crunch Labs with the
16:10
express goal of helping kids think like an engineer
16:12
through monthly toys that get delivered to your door where you put it together
16:16
with me and having already shipped millions of these boxes
16:19
the data is in 87%
16:20
of kids rated an 8 out of 10 on a fun scale out of
16:24
10 but here's the dirty secret more than three out of four parents said
16:27
their child gained a New Passion around stem and Engineering
16:30
from the boxes our secret sauce here just like on my videos
16:34
is hiding the vegetabl
16:35
so everyone leaves feeling stoked about the outcome
16:38
on top of that each month your box has a chance to contain the
16:41
Platinum ticket and if you get
16:44
it well then you're coming out here to Crunch labs to build with me
16:47
and my team for a day so if you want to embark on this
16:49
monthly Journey with me and get a Christmas morning reaction like this
16:53
yes oh my gosh crunch
16:56
laab just go to Crunch labs.com
16:58
or use the link in the video description where we're giving away those two
17:01
boxes free as a holiday
17:02
special thanks for watching
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