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Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell
What Happens If You Destroy A Black Hole?
What Happens If You Destroy A Black Hole?
Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell
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10:52 · Aug 16, 2023
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black
holes
can
destroy
everything
but
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black holes can destroy everything but
0:03
can they be destroyed what
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happens if we push physics to the absolute limit maybe
0:08
even breaking it and the universe in the process let's
0:11
create a tiny black hole about the mass of our moon in the courtskazak
0:15
labs and try to rip it apart
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experiment one new kit
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big booms break things so
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to set the mood let's
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explode the world's entire nuclear
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Arsenal around our black hole
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black holes swallow whatever crosses
0:32
their Event Horizon matter and energy
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and since E equals MC squared
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all the energy that enters a black hole increases
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its mass the mass of a black hole is proportional to its size so
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as we nuke our tiny black hole it just gets bigger and more massive
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experiment two and antimatter annihilate
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each other what will happen if we throw a moon's massive antimatter at it
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unfortunately when an object enters a black hole the black hole will completely delete
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its past identity whether
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it's made of matter or of antimatter
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black holes only care about gravity
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which only depends on the total mass energy of an object and
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the mass of a particle is the same as its corresponding anti-particle
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so throwing an anti-moon has the same effect as throwing a moon the
1:19
black hole just gets more massive
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this deleting ability of black holes is pretty interesting it
1:25
means that despite their size and power black
1:28
holes are in a way similar
1:29
to Elementary particles an elementary particle
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like an electron is an extremely simple object fully
1:36
specified by just three numbers it's
1:37
Mass Spin and charge and
1:40
amazingly the same is true for black holes they
1:43
have a mess they can rotate and carry an electric charge
1:47
once a black hole forms it doesn't matter if it comes from a collapsed
1:50
star an anti-star or
1:52
a banana it will always be fully described by those three numbers nothing
1:56
else but if a black hole is basically a weird particle
2:00
could we destroy it with an anti-black
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hole Experiment three anti-black
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hole how exciting a
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particle has the same mass as its corresponding antibarticle
2:12
but opposite charge since
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a black hole has mass and electric charge its
2:17
corresponding anti-black hole should have the same mass and
2:21
opposite electric charge what
2:22
if we make them
2:24
sadly the charge will just add up and cancel out
2:27
so after the Collision we'll just get a new black hole twice as massive
2:31
with no okay we
2:34
need to think bigger and stretch physics harder
2:39
experiment four destroy the Event
2:43
it's true that a black hole can carry spill and charge but even for
2:46
these crazy objects there are limits if
2:49
the spin or the charge of a black hole becomes
2:51
too large something really weird will happen The
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Event Horizon will in a simplified way we think of black holes as hiding
2:59
a singularity inside an
3:01
infinitely compressed Mass with
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such strong gravity that
3:04
absolutely nothing can escape from its surroundings not even light this
3:08
is why a black hole looks like a black sphere of nothingness
3:11
The Event Horizon is the outer edge of this ultimate prism cross
3:15
it and you'll never be able to come back but
3:18
when a black hole rotates it
3:20
works a bit like a spinning washing machine it's
3:23
as if the rotation wants to repel nearby objects and push them out of
3:26
the black hole which doesn't happen because its gravity is so strong but
3:30
if the rotation gets too fast this
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effect will win and the Event Horizon
3:35
will disappear nearby objects won't be imprisoned forever anymore the
3:40
same thing happens with the electric charge make
3:42
it too large and
3:43
our Ironclad jail will break open if
3:46
we manage to destroy the Event Horizon The
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Singularity would still be there and
3:51
objects would still naturally fall towards it if
3:54
you hit it you would still die horribly and quickly
3:57
but the vicinity of the singularity
3:59
won't be an inescapable prison anymore you
4:02
could get as close as you want and come back
4:05
this should count as destroying the black hole
4:07
can we do it
4:09
experiment 5 overfeeding all we have to do is to overcharge
4:15
or over spin the black hole we
4:17
could do this by throwing objects with a small mass and a lot of
4:20
charge or angular momentum
4:21
so that the charge or spin increases
4:23
faster than the mass we
4:25
have to overfeed the black hole until it reaches the point where it breaks
4:28
open however whether you can actually do this is the subject of passionate
4:32
argument among physicists think
4:34
of a Charged black hole equal
4:36
charges repel each other and the more of the same charges you squish together
4:40
the more they push back so
4:42
let's say that we have a negatively charged black hole and we want to
4:45
overfeed it with electrons for example whose
4:47
charge is far larger than its mass
4:49
the electrons will feel an electrostatic
4:52
repulsion and the war electrons we throw the larger the negative charge of the
4:56
black hole will be and the stronger the repulsion but
4:59
once we reach the upper limit the
5:00
electrostatic repulsion will be so strong that it won't allow any more electrons to
5:04
come in at this point the black hole will refuse to be over fat
5:08
with the spin it's similar once
5:11
the black hole reaches its upper limit it
5:13
won't gobble more spin
5:14
but some scientists have discovered what looks like a loophole if
5:18
an instant before the black hole reaches the limit we throw the right amount
5:21
of matter in in just the right way it
5:23
looks like we could actually overfeed
5:25
it most scientists are skeptical but
5:29
let's give it a try anyway
5:31
the end breaking physics
5:34
there is a catch though the
5:36
Event Horizon of a black hole hides The Singularity
5:39
so destroying the Horizon would leave us with a naked Singularity
5:43
one that is not hidden by an event horizon and
5:46
this poses a problem it
5:48
could mean the end of physics as we know it there's
5:51
a big dirty secret about black holes contrary
5:53
to widespread belief The Singularity of a black hole is not really at its
5:57
Center no it's in the future of
6:01
whatever crosses the Horizon black
6:03
holes warp the universe so drastically that
6:06
at the Event Horizon space
6:07
and time switch their roles once
6:10
you cross it Falling
6:11
Towards the center means
6:12
going towards the future that's
6:15
why you can't escape
6:16
stopping your fall and turning back would be just as impossible as stopping time
6:20
and traveling to the Past
6:22
so the singularity is actually in your future not
6:25
in front of you and
6:27
just like you can't see your own future you
6:29
won't see the singularity until you hit it but
6:32
you also can't hit something that's in your future any
6:35
sort of experience it like
6:37
you'll experience your next birthday when
6:39
it happens singularities that are in the future are not a problem because we
6:43
can't see them or interact with them but
6:45
a naked Singularity would be in front of us for all of us to
6:48
see what would we see well
6:51
the whole point is that it's impossible to know
6:54
a singularity is a region of infinite gravity and gravity is the bending of
6:58
space-time at a singularity
7:00
the bending is so radical that the fabric of space-time is literally broken
7:05
space and time don't exist anymore this
7:08
means that you can't predict
7:09
anything since predicting means making a forecast about
7:13
where and when something will
7:16
but where and when have lost their
7:19
so we have an unpredictable thing with infinite gravity and therefore infinite
7:23
energy this means that anything could come out of it for no reason for
7:27
a pile of bananas to Lost socks or a solar system
7:30
predictability causality and physics as we know it would break down
7:35
we think that singularities
7:36
should exist in nature because we can prove that under very general conditions
7:40
gravitational collapse leads to the formation of singularities
7:44
however scientists think that nature forbids the formation of naked singularities
7:48
something enforces the creation of an event horizon around them to
7:53
prevent their Insanity from infecting the rest of the universe without
7:57
event Horizons physics may not make sense at all
8:00
so although black holes have been portrayed as the ultimate Monsters of the universe
8:03
they may actually be the heroes that keep us safe from The Madness of
8:08
singularities so if we do destroy the Horizon we
8:12
might destroy the fundamental rules of the universe you
8:15
know what let's not do that
8:19
the safe option as far as we know there's just one safe method to
8:24
destroy a black hole wait
8:27
all black holes amid tiny particles a phenomenon called Hawking radiation this
8:32
process causes them to slowly lose Mass until
8:34
they eventually evaporate leaving behind no Horizon and
8:38
no naked singularity the time it takes for a black hole to completely evaporate
8:42
depends on its mass
8:44
for our mini black hole the size of a spec of dust it will
8:47
be about 10 to the power of 44
8:49
years 10 billion trillion
8:52
trillion times the present age of the universe so
8:55
is it possible to destroy a black hole
8:58
yes we just have to wait
9:01
but you don't have to wait that long there
9:03
are plenty of fascinating things to explore right here on this planet right
9:07
now if you have the knowledge to understand them to
9:10
help you with that we've created a series of lessons to take your scientific
9:13
knowledge to the next level made
9:15
in collaboration with our friends at brilliant.org
9:17
these lessons give you a deeper understanding of the topics from our most popular
9:20
videos from rabies and mammalian metabolism
9:23
to climate science and supernovas
9:24
there's even a lesson on black holes where you can delve into the fundamental
9:28
principles behind their behavior and life cycle brilliant
9:32
is the best way to master key Concepts
9:33
in everything from maths and science to computer science and Beyond just
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set your goal and Brilliant designs the perfect path and equips you with the
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has thousands of lessons to explore and
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each one is interactive
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learn the skills to draw insights
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