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0:11 going to talk about eight ways to use the preposition four let's get started
0:16 okay the first use is purpose
0:19 so we use for to express the purpose
0:22 or the use of something we can use this to talk about places the
0:27 purpose of a place the purpose of an object
0:30 and so on so let's look at some examples first this textbook is for
0:36 my science class so here four is before my science class in this sentence
0:43 this textbook our subject matches with my science class
0:47 so we show that the use
0:50 or the purpose of the textbook the thing
0:53 that the textbook is used for
0:55 or the thing that the textbook is used to do is my science class
1:00 in this case we're not talking about an action we're talking about an object
1:04 and the thing the object is used for the thing
1:07 that the object is used to do
1:10 so in this case to study for my science class okay let's look at
1:14 another example the conference room is for meetings
1:19 so here we have four before meetings this shows the purpose of the conference
1:25 room is meetings this is another way to understand this sentence again we have
1:30 our subject here the conference room
1:32 and the part following four
1:34 which shows the use of the subject
1:38 so we can kind of think of these two parts of these sentences
1:41 as kind of a pair kind of matching
1:43 so the thing and the thing
1:44 that it is used to do okay one more here's an idea for a
1:49 new product here's an idea for a new product
1:52 so this sentence is expressing a new product
1:57 as like the purpose of the idea
2:00 so we can think of this in like brainstorming sessions
2:03 as well so when you think of in this case a new idea
2:08 or A New Concept you are sharing your concept
2:11 and the purpose of
2:13 that concept at the same time
2:14 so here's an idea yeah for a new product
2:18 so this is expressing the purpose of the idea
2:21 or the use of the idea in this case
2:24 so these are some different ways
2:26 that we express the purpose
2:27 or the use of something with four okay let's continue to the second use
2:33 of four for this lesson the Second Use is duration
2:37 so duration means length of time let's look at the examples here first he
2:44 has lived here for six years he has lived here for six years
2:48 so please note when you use this four you need to use the plural
2:54 form of the in this case years
2:57 that follows so when we use our time measurement like year
3:01 or hour minute second
3:02 and so on we need to use the plural form here
3:06 as long as it's not one of course
3:10 if it's one year we need to use just the singular form
3:13 but generally we need to use the plural form in sentences like these
3:18 that Express a duration of time a length of time
3:21 so we cannot use two here he has lived here two six years is
3:25 incorrect four is used to talk about the length of time let's look at
3:30 the next example sentence they talked for two hours they talked for two hours
3:36 again we have four before our duration our length of time
3:41 and we're using the plural form two hours okay
3:45 so they talked for two hours this means their discussion was a two hour
3:50 time period that was the duration of their talk okay one more example of
3:55 this we waited for about 15 minutes we waited for about 15 minutes here
4:01 we have four before about 15 minutes
4:05 so if you want to make a guess
4:07 or Express something close to this time you can use about in this position
4:13 don't put about before this we waited about for 15 minutes no don't do
4:18 that put it before the duration of time we waited for about 15 minutes
4:23 is perfect so we can use four to talk about duration
4:27 as well it's usually very clear
4:29 when we are using four to describe duration in
4:32 because there's this kind of length of time expression after the preposition okay great
4:38 so let's continue to the next use of four the next use of four
4:42 number three describes a status
4:44 or a condition we use this for a lot
4:48 when we want to like Express an emotion
4:51 that we feel but for someone else
4:54 so sometimes we feel you know happy
4:56 or sad or excited about someone else's news
5:00 and we use for to express
5:03 that so let's break down these example sentences first one very very common expression
5:08 I'm so happy for you I'm
5:11 so happy for you
5:12 so this sentence means I feel very very happy
5:16 because of something that happened in your life
5:20 so we do not use two to express this sometimes I see Learners say
5:25 something like I'm so happy to you
5:27 but we do not express it in this way we say I'm
5:30 so happy for you you got a new job I'm
5:34 so happy for you
5:35 so expressing with for you shows
5:39 that you care about the other person's condition
5:41 or status you have this emotion
5:44 and you want to express it for
5:46 that other person use four to do
5:48 that let's look at another example of this this is great news for the
5:54 company this is great news for the company
5:57 so again we have kind of this status
5:59 or this condition something happened this is great news for the company
6:04 so in this case we want to express this condition is true for this
6:10 organization in this case
6:12 so maybe the CEO says this like this is great news for the company
6:16 so this means that this condition
6:19 or this status is something
6:20 that we want to make clear is for this like kind of the destination
6:25 of this feeling or this condition is the company
6:28 so it's not me
6:29 but it's the company I feel this way I feel this way
6:33 but it's about the company
6:34 so we use four to do this again not two this is great news
6:38 for the company okay one more example of this the lecture was hard for
6:45 the students to understand the lecture was hard for the students to understand
6:50 so in this situation here is kind of the status
6:53 or the condition maybe the opinion in this case the lecture was hard
6:57 and here we have for the students
7:01 so that means in this case maybe the lecture was not hard for the
7:04 professor the lecture was not hard for the teacher
7:07 but we want to again show this condition should be applied to this group
7:14 in this case the students the lecture was hard for the students to understand
7:18 maybe the lecture was easy for another professor to understand
7:22 but we want to focus on this group here we use four to do
7:27 that the lecture was hard for the students to understand
7:29 so again this use number three to express a status
7:33 or condition is something
7:35 that we do when we want to express like an opinion
7:38 or a condition or an emotion
7:40 and we want to be specific about the person
7:44 or the organization or the group of people
7:46 that we want to apply
7:48 that emotion to or
7:49 that condition to okay
7:51 so with that in mind let's continue on to number four we're going to
7:55 change the feel a lot with number four number four is old-fashioned
8:00 because so yes this is an old-fashioned use
8:03 and we don't use this
8:05 so much in everyday communication however you may see this
8:09 and you may hear this in media
8:11 and in stories it is still used especially in older stories
8:16 that are still very very famous stories
8:19 so let's take a look at some examples
8:21 and see how this is used
8:22 so first one is a sad one
8:25 but he remembers that day for it was a sad day he remembers
8:30 that day for it was a sad day in this sentence we can replace
8:34 four with because and this sentence stays the same he remembers
8:39 that day because it was a sad day okay
8:42 so here four 100 replaces
8:46 because but the difference is
8:49 that this sentence sounds much more old-fashioned we would not say this sentence in
8:54 everyday communication now unless we want to express a kind of old-fashioned
8:59 or maybe very dramatic feel
9:01 so this is 100 the same meaning
9:04 but just sounds older let's look at another example they walked home quickly for
9:10 the night was cold
9:11 and dark so here we have they walked home quickly four the night was
9:16 cold and dark again we can just replace four with
9:19 because and the sentence is the same they walked home quickly
9:22 because the night was cold
9:24 and dark this is a much more natural sentence in today's Modern English
9:28 but using four here makes it sound older much older okay last example she
9:35 went into the town for she had many errands to attend to she went
9:39 into the town four she had many errands to attend to again exactly the
9:44 same as because she went into the town
9:46 because she had many errands to attend to
9:48 so I wanted to include this
9:50 because even though we don't use it
9:52 so much in everyday communication now we do still see this from time to
9:57 time and you might think four is this about purpose here
10:01 and this expresses the same meaning
10:03 as because so if you like watching old movies you might hear this expression
10:08 quite often so keep an ear out for it
10:11 and of course if you like to read old books you will probably see
10:14 this a lot so that's what it means okay let's continue to number five
10:18 number five I think is a pretty easy one to understand we use four
10:23 to express the recipient of something the person who gets something
10:27 or the person who receives something
10:29 so let's look at the examples here the boy drew a picture for his
10:34 mother the boy drew a picture for his mother
10:36 so here four comes before his mother she is the person who received the
10:42 picture so it's like saying the reason someone did something is for giving it
10:48 to this person or in order to give it to this person we describe
10:51 the recipient with four
10:53 or we preface the recipient with four next example I bought this coffee for
10:58 you I bought this coffee for you
11:01 so again we have four before the person receiving
11:05 so in this case the coffee oh you bought this coffee okay great for
11:10 you so we can do this to express who is receiving something one more
11:15 flowers for me how nice
11:19 so we can also do this to talk about ourselves
11:21 when we receive something in this case the person receives some flowers flowers for
11:27 me so that's this part right here is expressing oh my gosh I'm the
11:32 recipient of the flowers we're expressing some surprise here with this for me oh
11:38 my gosh how nice
11:39 so we do use this for to express the recipients of things this is
11:44 just one way to express this giving
11:46 and receiving type of pattern of course there are many ways to express
11:50 that someone gave something
11:51 or received something this is just one pattern you can use to talk about
11:56 this giving receiving relationship okay great let's continue on to number six number six
12:02 is also I think a pretty easy one to understand quickly
12:06 because it uses numbers we use four to express prices
12:10 and rates and sales
12:12 and discounts these kinds of things
12:14 so let's look at some examples first one I got this shirt for twenty
12:20 dollars I got this shirt for twenty dollars four is before the price of
12:25 the item in this case I got this shirt for twenty dollars another way
12:30 to say this is I bought this shirt
12:32 and the price was twenty dollars
12:34 but for twenty dollars is a very quick
12:37 and short way to say it yeah okay let's look at the next example
12:42 this is an example of a discount expression the electronics store is having a
12:48 two-for-one sale the electronic store is having a two four one sale here is
12:54 the four I want to focus on this is an expression
12:57 that you might see in any kind of store you can imagine actually a
13:02 two for one sale maybe three for one I don't know
13:04 but this means you can get two objects in this case markers in this
13:10 example two for the price of one
13:14 so this means if a marker costs one dollar you can get two markers
13:20 for one dollar so you can buy two items for the price of one
13:25 item we express this very quickly with two for one
13:28 or three for one
13:29 and so on so this expresses the price of an item
13:33 or the discount rate in this case okay let's look at one more example
13:38 the hotel gave us bags for free the hotel gave us bags for free
13:44 so when something costs zero dollars
13:47 when something costs nothing we express
13:49 that with free right something is free
13:52 when you want to talk about something you received for no money you use
13:58 for to do that we got this free she got
14:01 that for free so use four to describe those things
14:04 that cost nothing as well
14:06 so you can use four in this way to talk about prices rates sales
14:10 and so on okay great let's move on to the last two points for
14:15 this lesson the last two points I want to talk about are kind of
14:19 more grammatically focused so it's not
14:22 so much about the meaning
14:24 but rather the grammatical purpose of the preposition
14:28 so we use the preposition for with gerund
14:32 so if you don't know what a gerund is that's
14:34 when you take a verb you take the verb
14:36 and you use it in the ing form form
14:38 but you use it
14:39 as a noun when we do this we use for before
14:43 that word so what does
14:44 that mean what does
14:45 that look like let's look at some examples here's one this part of the
14:49 computer is for storing data this part of the computer is for storing data
14:55 here we have four plus storing storing
14:58 so to store means to keep something like in a computer data in a
15:03 computer so we use this for ING pattern you might also know the infinitive
15:09 pattern something something too verb that's a very common thing
15:13 that we maybe run into questions about should I use the infinitive form should
15:18 I use the gerund form
15:19 and one error I sometimes see is Learners try to mix the two they
15:23 say like four store data
15:26 or two storing data something like
15:28 that so the rule is please use for with gerund
15:33 so don't try to mix like four store
15:35 or two storing something like
15:38 that make sure when you're using the gerund form here you precede it with
15:43 four let's look at another example a sharp knife is important for cutting vegetables
15:49 a sharp knife is important for cutting vegetables
15:52 so here is my gerund for cutting vegetables
15:56 and we have four before this okay
15:59 so a sharp knife is important for cutting vegetables
16:02 so another point that I want to make is
16:04 that we can sometimes use either the gerund form
16:08 or the infinitive form
16:09 and depending on the verb we can choose between the two sometimes both are
16:14 totally fine to use sometimes you need to use one
16:18 or the other and in those cases in the cases where you can choose
16:22 either one it's up to you
16:24 but you kind of May tend to notice
16:26 that these sentences are feeling they have kind of the feeling of explaining something
16:31 to someone so we maybe don't use these
16:34 so much unless we want to kind of teach someone how to do something
16:37 or we're describing the steps in a process like these two we're teaching someone
16:42 about computer maybe building
16:44 or something like that
16:45 or in this when we're talking about how to cook something
16:48 or maybe basic cooking techniques
16:50 so you might find
16:51 that these are used a little bit more
16:53 when we're instructing someone
16:55 so it's a little bit more professional maybe
16:57 or a little bit more polite
16:59 so depending on the situation you may also hear some different people making different
17:04 choices with their grammar
17:05 but just be aware of the differences between the two
17:09 and that sometimes we can use both the gerund form
17:12 or the infinitive form anyway let's continue to the last one GPS tags are
17:17 used for tracking wild animals GPS tags are used for tracking wild animals here's
17:23 tracking for tracking so tracking to track something means to regularly check the position
17:30 of something like on your phone right you can do GPS tracking of your
17:34 position hopefully at any time
17:36 so GPS tags are used for tracking wild animals again we have kind of
17:41 this feeling that someone is explaining something new to us with this sentence
17:46 so this is one very very common use of four again this is a
17:51 more grammatically focused uh use of form
17:55 so we don't need to think about it
17:57 so much like a specific meaning
18:00 but a general feel
18:01 that we have when we're using it in front of a gerund is
18:05 that we're talking about the use of something
18:07 and we're kind of explaining
18:09 that use of something sometimes to someone who's learning for the first time okay
18:14 so with that in mind let's go to our last very quick Point number
18:18 eight I wanted to include some questions some key questions
18:22 that use for to ask about the purpose of something
18:26 so for example this is a very common one what for what for this
18:33 question means why so for example
18:35 if someone asks you for something really strange like they say hmm hey can
18:40 you buy me a drill at the store you might think what for
18:45 so a drill is something
18:47 that you use for construction projects
18:48 and you might think what why another way to ask
18:52 that question is what for this is kind of like saying what is the
18:57 purpose of that thing
18:58 or for what purpose do you need
19:00 that thing so these are different ways
19:02 that we can ask
19:03 that why question it's also kind of like saying what are your plans for
19:08 that object so if someone asks you for something surprising you can respond with
19:13 what for so you want to know more about what they're going to do
19:17 so there are a couple of other patterns
19:19 that we commonly use this with
19:21 so generally you might hear this what something something for type question
19:27 and we can substitute a couple of different phrases in the middle here
19:31 but I want to introduce two
19:33 that are very very common the first one
19:35 that follows this pattern is what do you need
19:38 that for what do you need
19:40 that for so again in the drill example it's like what do you need
19:44 that for so what is the reason
19:46 that this is necessary for you you're asking for the purpose some kind of
19:51 explanation and another one a Past Tense one what did you do
19:56 that for what did you do
19:58 that for so in this case it's a past tense thing were surprised by
20:02 someone's actions what did you do
20:04 that for tell me the purpose of
20:07 that action what was the purpose of
20:09 that action so you might see these what something something for questions
20:14 and these are asking for a reason
20:16 or a purpose for something
20:17 so this is another way to use for all right
20:21 that is everything that I want to cover in this lesson we talked about
20:25 many different meanings and we also looked at some grammatical uses of the word
20:29 for so I hope
20:31 that you got a good refresher about how to use this preposition
20:34 but of course if you have any questions
20:36 or comments or if you want to practice making some example sentences please feel
20:40 free to do so in the comment section of this video also don't forget
20:44 to like this lesson
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20:51 that can help you with your English studies thanks very much for watching this
20:55 lesson and I will see you again soon bye want to speed up your
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