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The Trolley Problem in Real Life — Vsauce shadowing | TryShadowing
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Vsauce
The Trolley Problem in Real Life
The Trolley Problem in Real Life
Vsauce
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34:38 · Dec 6, 2017
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excuse
me
you
know
if
I'd
been
driving
that
would
have
been
pretty
dangerous
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0:13
excuse me you know if I'd been driving that would have been pretty dangerous
0:18
every time you sneeze your eyes closed
0:20
for about one second
0:22
which means if you sneeze while driving at say 70
0:25
miles per hour times
0:26
five to eight zero divided by sixty divided by sixty you
0:29
will travel about a hundred and three feet with
0:32
your eyes closed but
0:35
don't worry this is a self-driving
0:37
car it uses sensors and software to drive itself to keep me and other
0:42
people safe I hope
0:46
impressive but let me ask you a question what
0:50
if an autonomous vehicles had to make a choice between hitting
0:52
two people right in front of it or
0:54
swerving to avoid them and hit one person on a sidewalk
0:58
what should it be programmed to do
1:03
what would you do now
1:05
polls and surveys have been put together asking
1:07
people what they think they would do but no researchers
1:09
have ever put people in that actual traumatic
1:13
experience would we learn more about human nature if we did that would
1:17
it even be ethical to put people in that sort of position I'm
1:21
about to find out
1:37
in 1967 British philosopher
1:41
Philippa foot created a precursor to our self driving car conundrum
1:45
the famous scenario she came up with is known
1:47
as the trolley problem
1:49
imagine there's a runaway train hurtling down a train track directly
1:53
ahead of the Train there are five people
1:56
on the track now
1:57
imagine that you are too far away to help those five people but
2:02
right next to you there's
2:03
a lever that can divert the Train onto
2:06
another track if you divert the Train the five people will
2:10
be saved but here's the catch there's
2:12
another person on the second track now
2:15
you're faced with a dilemma you
2:17
can either do nothing and the Train will kill five people or
2:21
you can pull the lever and save
2:23
their lives but be directly
2:25
responsible for one person's
2:28
death what would you do when
2:31
surveyed most people say that they'd pull the lever and sacrifice
2:34
one person to save five
2:36
it's for the greater good but
2:39
how we say we'd act may
2:41
not match how we'd actually act
2:43
if the scenario really
2:44
happened with real emotions
2:47
and real lives at stake any
2:49
difference between the two would
2:51
reveal who we are compared
2:53
to who we want to be but
2:55
a comparison could only be made by doing
2:58
what has never been done before
2:59
making the trolley problem real
3:14
suppose we conducted an experiment in a realistic railroad
3:17
switching station with test subjects watching
3:20
trains on monitors the
3:22
trains and the people on the tracks would
3:25
be staged and pre-recorded
3:27
but the subjects would think it was all real they
3:30
would believe that they could control
3:31
a lever that switches
3:33
the tracks and they'd have the option to divert the Train or
3:36
not they'd be totally convinced
3:38
that they have to choose between five
3:41
lives or one the
3:43
wait there's a greater good dilemma about doing an experiment on the greater
3:48
good by forcing people to truly believe
3:51
they might kill someone are
3:53
we risking serious psychological damage
3:56
to them yes it might be beneficial to all of us to see what
4:00
happens but would those benefits
4:02
be worth potential trauma to
4:05
a few to actually conduct a real-life
4:08
trolley problem I needed
4:10
to make sure it
4:11
would be ethical so
4:13
I sat down with behavioral
4:15
neuroscientist professor Erin blasdell what
4:18
do you know about the trolley problem
4:19
and what previous studies have found most
4:22
people say they would pull the switch surance
4:25
one life versus five that the math works out but what I want to
4:28
know is that if we actually put
4:29
them in front of a switch
4:31
watching a train barreling towards people would
4:34
they actually pull it in that moment I bet a lot of them would
4:37
freeze in that moment when
4:40
you're afraid I think that shuts down a
4:42
lot of action I'd
4:44
like to find out what
4:46
potential harms could come to someone in that position most
4:49
people would probably be fine but
4:50
there is a small potential for
4:52
harm in the sense of somebody
4:55
being guilt-ridden over their decision
4:58
obsessive thoughts about I'm the person who would push that button and cause
5:03
the train to go and kill somebody or they might think I'm
5:06
the person who would freeze and I wouldn't be able to help those five
5:10
people now it could be
5:12
have we ever tested
5:15
the trolley problem on
5:16
human subjects for real to
5:19
my knowledge we have not would you want to see the
5:22
trolley problem enacted in real life you
5:25
know I would that
5:26
would be varying for about how people really react if
5:30
I were to tell you we're going to run this okay
5:32
would you feel comfortable with
5:34
that responsibility on your shoulders
5:36
no I couldn't do it for me
5:40
they'd be involved in that it
5:42
would have to be on the
5:44
shoulders of many people
5:45
including an ethics board I couldn't
5:47
just go through with that dr.
5:49
Blais Dells reliance on an ethics board made sense most
5:52
universities have ethics review boards
5:54
to answer one crucial question
5:56
when is it okay to risk
5:59
psychological harm in the
6:01
name of science it
6:03
is may 1962 an
6:05
experiment is being conducted
6:06
at Yale University ethics
6:08
review boards were developed as a result of some controversial
6:11
psychological experiments in the middle of the last century one
6:15
theory is that people learn things correctly whenever they get punished for making a
6:18
mistake incorrect you'll not get a shock of 105 volts dr.
6:25
Stanley Milgram tested how far subjects
6:27
would go in obeying Authority even
6:30
if they believed they were physically
6:31
hurting someone no one was being electrocuted
6:38
and the screams of the shocked victim were fake but
6:42
the trauma that the participants
6:44
suffered was very real
6:47
this sparked controversy within
6:49
the scientific community many
6:51
questioned Milgram's methodology but
6:53
unlike a research school mind
6:55
field doesn't answer to a University's
6:57
ethics committee that said I wanted to get the thoughts of an institutional
7:01
review board so I tracked one down and proposed
7:04
my idea for doing the trolley problem in
7:06
real life do you think I
7:09
could reach a point where you would feel comfortable approving
7:12
this study hate to be the bearer of bad tidings Michael
7:16
probably not I'm not ready to say
7:20
no quite yet I would
7:22
love to see your study pass and
7:24
I actually think the ways to make it passes we should probably be screening
7:27
out for people who might have a puss rheumatic stress disorder you
7:30
know any kind of like clinical
7:32
problem that could make
7:33
them more vulnerable to
7:35
a type of event
7:37
like this with the addition of something like a trauma counselor on sigh I
7:40
actually think that under those circumstances it
7:43
might pass can you present a compelling case as to the social good of
7:47
this study yes if you could find a way to say look this is
7:50
why it's important it's not just basic
7:51
theoretical research this has direct
7:54
implications for mass transit direct
7:57
implications for self-driving cars it's a risk benefit
8:00
but the benefits are potentially
8:02
tremendous right and so
8:03
my hope is that the
8:06
good this experiment does is in revealing
8:09
the difference between instinct
8:12
and philosophical reflection and I
8:16
think that there could be an enormous benefit
8:19
in learning the difference so we can train people to
8:22
act in the way that they wish they would yeah
8:25
that's interesting that's a compelling argument yeah I
8:29
came into this meeting expecting
8:31
a lot of resistance but
8:33
instead I'm actually leaving
8:35
invigorated like excited to take
8:38
their concerns implement them into the study and and make
8:41
it not just more acceptable which I thought was the purpose here but to
8:44
actually make it more beneficial more
8:47
fascinating and penetrate deeper
8:50
and have more applications in society
8:56
so I decided we were ready to move forward to
9:00
turn one of the most notorious hypothetical
9:02
ethical dilemmas into a reality
9:09
we traveled to an abandoned railroad line and hired a freight train our
9:14
subjects needed to be shown how switch points work so
9:17
the minefield production team shot a video of a train going down two
9:21
tracks then we dressed six actors
9:24
like railroad workers since
9:26
we didn't want them to be at actual risk of harm we took steps
9:29
to make sure they were safe you're all gonna be workers on
9:32
the track you will not have the train moving while
9:35
you are on the tracks we
9:37
filmed our actors on the tracks wearing
9:40
ear protection and looking distracted
9:41
to explain why they couldn't hear a train coming toward them then
9:45
in editing we employed visual effects to create the illusion of the train approaching
9:49
we then combined the shots together during
9:52
the experiment we would play the video for our subjects
9:55
who would believe the action was happening
9:57
live and transmitted from remote cameras
10:01
our next step was to find an expert who would be willing to guide
10:05
me through the process of selecting our
10:07
subjects in order to minimize psychological
10:10
harm so what should I be worried about the
10:13
worst would probably be post-traumatic
10:15
stress disorder and that's when they're going to be re-expanded
10:19
Rama they'll keep thinking about it over and over and so to limit
10:23
risk you'd want to screen out people prone to a traumatic reaction
10:27
and then afterwards do the debrief
10:29
that's the key to limit
10:31
harm from happening how
10:33
are they feeling at this moment what's
10:34
going on with them you can start to ease them into the reality
10:37
of what is instead of what they thought it was would
10:40
you be willing to help us conduct
10:42
this experiment oh yes
10:46
I mean I think I would I think this is a really fascinating and
10:49
valuable experiment because people can have very uncomfortable
10:53
lessons that they then start to learn from if I can make sure that
10:58
we get people who
10:58
may be appropriate to do such thing I would be
11:08
I'm calling regarding a study we're doing for high speed railway I wanted to
11:13
know if you might be interested in participating next
11:15
week to disguise the true nature of our experiment
11:18
we placed an online
11:20
ad recruiting people for a fake focus
11:22
group to offer feedback on California's
11:24
new high-speed rail hey
11:26
I'm just gonna ask you to fill out a couple forms
11:29
to make sure that there's a range of personality
11:32
types in our group and for TSA
11:34
security purposes these psychological surveys
11:38
used frequently by employers
11:39
look to uncover signs of depression
11:41
anxiety and other conditions that might make someone unsuitable
11:45
to participate in this experiment back in dr.
11:51
kayson's office we reviewed the potential subjects responses
11:55
in this particular person
11:56
I was concerned about this some high suicidal
12:00
thinking high acting out those
12:03
kinds of factors might
12:04
not be a good an experiment
12:06
where you want to try to prevent some of the trauma from happening
12:09
right these people though
12:10
and there's a large group of them they
12:12
are more resilient so
12:15
I would be more comfortable
12:16
with these people because their ability
12:18
to bounce back in
12:20
difficult situations might make them less susceptible
12:23
to a trauma finally
12:25
after consulting two psychologists
12:27
and a University Ethics Board it was time to put our plan into
12:31
action this is where we're going to physically
12:48
create the trolley problem in real life not with the trolley but
12:52
with a train our
12:53
subjects will sign in at this booth for our phony focus
12:56
test which will never actually take place it's
12:59
gonna be a hot day for them so we'll offer them while they wait
13:02
for the actual test to begin the
13:04
chance to sit inside this nice air-conditioned
13:07
remote switching station inside
13:09
they'll meet a kindly
13:10
train switch operator supposedly
13:12
an employee of the California
13:14
railroad Authority the California
13:16
railroad Authority is real
13:17
real fake we invented this non-existent
13:21
government organization to convince our subjects
13:24
that everything here is real
13:26
including these monitors showing supposedly
13:29
live shots of actual
13:31
trains from different tracks all around the California
13:34
area while the participant is waiting inside this room they'll learn how the operator
13:42
switches the tracks using a lever to remotely switch a train from one track
13:46
to another they'll see it happen
13:48
we're actually controlling the video on these screens from a different hidden
13:51
control room at a given time the switch operator
13:55
will leave the subject alone in the switching station and at
13:58
that point a crisis
14:00
will occur our train will be barreling
14:07
down the tracks and
14:07
workers will have made their way out to both tracks five on one one
14:12
worker on his phone on the other
14:14
no one is around for
14:16
them to alert who
14:17
has any kind of control or authority switching
14:20
the train is up to the subject
14:21
alone they'll feel like what
14:23
they do has real-world consequences
14:25
well five people died
14:28
over one our first participant
14:39
is almost here so it's
14:40
time for me to get ready
14:42
doctor case on how are you feeling good
14:45
my hypothesis is that
14:47
we're going to see people
14:48
immediately when they hear that first warning leave
14:51
the station and not want to get back inside the
14:54
other option would be of course the freeze action
14:56
where they don't do anything
14:58
because they don't know what to do in that
15:00
case we want to know their thought process it'll be interesting to see this
15:03
has never been done before all
15:05
right well here we go
15:10
our first subject is elsa
15:19
everyone she meets is an actor and all
15:22
of our cameras are hidden so she has no idea that
15:25
she's being watched oh yeah thank you so much
15:28
thank you our subjects
15:31
were told that the technology
15:32
that are about to see is proprietary
15:33
this gave us an excuse to collect their phones so they couldn't call for
15:38
help during the imminent crisis thank
15:40
you so much for coming out today what
15:42
we're doing here is California
15:44
railroad authorities they're developing
15:46
high-speed trains and so we want the public to come in and give
15:50
us some feedback on
15:51
how comfortable they are the
15:53
decor you know all
15:56
that kind of stuff oh
15:57
shoot they're running a little behind from
16:01
the last one okay so it's just gonna be like another 15
16:04
maybe 20 um you
16:09
know what I've got an ID to get
16:11
now elsa believes she has to wait for 20
16:14
minutes our actress pretends to ask permission for her to wait inside the switching
16:19
station so actually this isn't part of it this is a remote train switching
16:24
station but it's gonna be a little bit and it's nice and cool and
16:27
air-conditioned in there okay I just talked to Eddie and he said it would
16:31
be totally great for you to come in and just check
16:33
it out okay see
16:35
what they do in there
16:38
Eddie this is Elsa oh
16:42
good good come on in let
16:45
me see so what brings you out this way um
16:48
the focus group focus
16:51
group yes the high-speed railroad
16:54
the luxury railroad okay
16:56
so what we got here is a remote
16:58
switching station these are all live
17:00
feeds what's happening is there's
17:03
a lot of construction going on we're gonna have to put all new ballast
17:07
through here new ribbon rail right here on these in
17:09
case you're wondering we
17:10
hired an actor who actually spent
17:12
20 years working on railroads can
17:14
you imagine if we had an actor who didn't know a lot about trains
17:17
he offers something called face validity in
17:20
that you can look at him and you think god this guy's real my
17:24
job here is to take
17:26
care of all the switching right here on these two
17:28
tracks right now and so there needs to be someone in here all the
17:31
time now the other thing about this these things attention
17:34
train approaching this is uh it's just probably a work unit that's coming uh-huh
17:40
we're gonna divert it to track
17:42
two okay so a train's coming now it's a chance to learn how to
17:45
switch rocks there you go in fact why don't you be the one to
17:49
do that just go ahead and throw it yourself
17:51
pull the dumb you right now yeah
17:54
good it's going much faster than you think all
17:58
right it's gonna make the transition
18:00
to track number two
18:03
look I'll tell you what
18:05
here now a switchman
18:08
okay well now that the trailing
18:11
car is clear of the switch points go ahead and switch it back to
18:15
track one okay well
18:21
just you the good thing is we've
18:23
got it back on line one
18:25
and that means that the next train that comes through will go through on
18:28
track one Elsa now understands
18:31
exactly where the trains will go switch
18:33
one to the left switch
18:34
two to the it
18:36
was time to force her to make a very difficult decision
18:39
I gotta take this yeah
18:44
sure oh do me a favor
18:46
wait right here someone
18:49
has to be here at all times okay no problem I'm just gonna go
18:52
up take care of this
18:54
okay look at her eyes because she's concerned
19:00
to be a little
19:01
worried like what we
19:04
gave Elsa a couple of minutes to acclimate
19:06
to her surroundings and
19:08
then we started the playback
19:10
of our staged footage
19:11
I here come the workers attention
19:15
object on track if
19:18
she just noticed them
19:20
attention object on track
19:25
attention object on track
19:30
attention object on track
19:33
she's looking at her purse to
19:36
find no phone no
19:39
object on track attention
19:43
object on track I think the warning
19:47
does a lot if you're in that station you're supposed to do
19:51
attention object on track
19:55
okay here comes the train
20:00
train approaching there's the train approaching
20:03
warning attention object on truck
20:06
I don't think this oh
20:15
there's a train approaching oh
20:17
my god okay yeah
20:19
I hope I look around with you but the
20:21
switch operator won't be coming back the
20:24
full weight of this crisis
20:25
is all on Elsa
20:26
attention train approaching whoa
20:31
wait whoa object on track
20:35
I can't believe this
20:37
attention object on track
20:40
attention train approaching attention
20:44
action on truck attention
20:47
train approaching attention object
20:51
on truck and of
20:54
test everyone is and
20:56
of test everyone is safe
21:00
okay we didn't want the participants
21:02
to think that anyone actually got hurt so we showed them this everyone
21:06
is safe card before the train would have actually hit anyone else
21:10
I'm Michael hi and this is Greg this
21:13
was all an experiment okay
21:15
can we come on in and ask you a few questions
21:22
just scared I can go ahead and take a seat there yeah
21:27
so no one was in any danger
21:30
this is a psychological experiment
21:32
that we're conducting on how people behave when decisions need to be made okay
21:36
walk me through how you felt I felt the pressure I'm like oh my
21:40
gosh these people are gonna die like
21:42
I had to make a very quick and sound decision
21:44
like immediately like right now right this second their
21:47
lives were in my hands I need
21:49
to change to track to what was motivating your decision
21:52
to switch so I can save more lives I
21:57
didn't know if I was making the right decision
21:59
I mean a life is a life right
22:05
so when confronted with two terrible
22:07
choices at least one person was capable of taking deliberate
22:11
action to sacrifice one in order to save five
22:14
but we wanted to see if else's reaction was
22:17
typical would you be interested in my speed transportation
22:23
yeah sorry why don't you have a look in there and see
22:30
the trains running so
22:32
much when I first started out I used have to stamp out in the
22:36
Sun do you know where the next trains coming
22:39
great attention train approaching
22:44
as with Elsa every
22:45
subject received a lesson in how to switch the tracks why
22:48
don't you go ahead and switch so here yes go
22:51
ahead feels like a
22:58
trick this me ain't no one say
23:01
someone has to be in here the whole time my god okay
23:04
look copy that he's
23:09
actually tapping into the power of being in that position
23:11
attention object on truck
23:14
here comes the test attention
23:16
object on truck attention
23:19
train approaching she's not moving
23:23
attention just watch his eyebrows oh
23:26
yeah eyes are going back and forth train
23:29
approaching oh she's worried yeah
23:32
train approaching I don't know what I would do in this kind of scenario
23:36
train approaching this is sort of that frozen pose
23:42
that we see paralysis
23:44
in the face of danger is such a common reaction
23:46
attention object on truck
23:50
attention train approaching even
23:55
with the Train seconds
23:56
away some are still looking for others to take control
24:02
she's singing this is so soothing there yeah object
24:06
on track attention train
24:09
not moving oh my gosh Wow okay if she gonna switch
24:13
it train approaching attention
24:15
object on truck attention
24:20
and of test everyone
24:23
is safe all right let's go not
24:27
one of these participants pulled
24:28
the lever time to find out why hello jr.
24:34
everything that just happened was
24:37
an this was an experiment oh my god okay
24:43
what were you feeling when you were watching that
24:46
terrified I just I was feeling a little anxious nice oh
24:50
my god yeah your
24:52
heart is beating fast
24:53
tell me what was going through your mind when you heard that first warning
24:57
that a train was approaching I
24:58
thought about switching it but then actually acting
25:01
on it was a different thing I kind of suspended
25:03
my responsibility like I didn't know what to do so I was just like
25:08
oh I better not you know touch it because I don't know if I'll
25:10
screw something up I would assume that there
25:13
out of those five guys someone
25:15
would not look they
25:17
were running out of the light or the treatment
25:19
already planning to stop I think probably build those chains with some type of
25:22
scissors or something like that the Train probably
25:24
had sensors the workers would have noticed I didn't
25:28
want to touch the equipment these
25:30
are all forms of attribution
25:31
when an individual assumes that others are either responsible
25:35
for taking action or have already done so both
25:38
tracks have people on right and
25:40
I just didn't know
25:42
what you do I not switch it I me either way someone's gonna get
25:45
really badly hurt I think what that power it
25:48
was quite quite the test I'll say it is quite the test at this
25:53
point one subject had switched the tracks and five others had not but
25:57
we weren't done yet meet
25:59
Cory here have a seat nice advice thank you
26:03
this is cool this
26:06
whole module will interconnect with
26:08
the entire nation if
26:09
we wanted it to you
26:11
know but right now we're looking at just track
26:13
one on the Left track two through
26:15
there these are many many miles away yeah
26:18
but they're all live feeds surveying
26:21
the scene Eagles point of view yeah
26:23
sure what this okay
26:27
I'll be right back okay got it
26:31
these remaining in gaze
26:38
here come the workers
26:47
yeah so he realizes there's a potential problem I
26:51
think he's gonna go out attention
26:54
train approaching that's a chain come me
27:00
okay okay he realizes there's no one there it's urgent okay -
27:17
cow Moos okay he's rehearsing what to do
27:44
yeah okay good hello
27:57
hi Cory there was just the
28:00
almost an accident seemingly
28:03
Cory everything that just happened was
28:05
an experiment okay no one was in danger for sure these were just loops
28:09
of video taken before this
28:11
is a psychology experiment how
28:13
people behave in various
28:15
circumstances okay so tell
28:17
me how you were feeling
28:19
mainly a bunch of terror and
28:23
responsibility because I was at the helm and
28:26
just horrified about making
28:30
a decision between like five
28:32
people can read the wine
28:34
it was very scary
28:39
yeah what was going through your mind as the trains coming down the track
28:43
it was mainly to
28:45
warn them they're just
28:49
looking about what's coming up right now
28:52
you don't even have to choose between people
28:55
right if now it was really
28:58
tough if they're like six families
29:01
or one family I was
29:03
like up to me it felt like
29:08
it was interesting to me that you had such presence of mind yeah
29:13
look for help and make a decision
29:15
the one that everyone
29:17
if you asked them in a survey says that they would like to be
29:20
brave enough to make yes
29:22
so that was impressive
29:23
before it really was
29:25
thank you you know I I think it would be good to have you
29:29
meet some of the people
29:30
who participated so you can see yeah
29:33
let's go do that just follow us on out meet
29:36
the actors Cory showed us just how important
29:43
the debrief was in this situation meeting
29:46
the actors which all of our subjects did reinforce
29:49
that this was not a reality
29:54
so Greg trolley problem
29:56
mm-hmm I went into this thinking we're going to tease out some general
30:00
truths about human nature however
30:03
what we've really seen is that you
30:05
learn a lot about the
30:06
individual right everyone had some explanation
30:10
for their behavior yes
30:11
each one was different
30:13
yes each person told themselves a story about what was happening according
30:17
to the facts and their analysis
30:18
of the surroundings and what was going on at the moment but
30:22
it's also based on their own background
30:23
and experience totally there were people who were just frozen
30:27
realizing something was wrong and they weren't prepared Jr
30:30
was a great example of that he evaluated
30:32
everything but at some point just said I you
30:36
know I don't know what to do other
30:37
people were ready to say
30:40
you know what this isn't on me it's on the technology
30:43
I'm sure it's being taken care of right others whereas
30:45
someone like Cory someone
30:47
like Elsa said no I have
30:50
to take control they still had some of those same thoughts but
30:54
I think what happened is they realized
30:55
that if they did
30:56
not do something more
30:59
people would be hurt neither
31:00
of them really wanted
31:02
to do something they both felt compelled
31:04
to do something because they had to save lives
31:07
so was it worth doing
31:09
the trolley experiment I think it was definitely worth it some of these participants
31:12
if not all of them learned something
31:14
about human behavior although
31:16
it was a difficult
31:17
experience also learned what inner strength
31:19
she and I think we saw that with Cory as well every
31:23
single one of our participants
31:24
felt like they just contributed
31:26
to something right and they feel the value of what just happened yeah it's
31:30
not just us we've
31:38
since followed up with our subjects
31:40
and all of them are doing well I'm
31:42
glad we minimized risk by pre-screening
31:45
vulnerable individuals debriefing the participants
31:48
and providing on-site counseling
31:50
because doing so gave me confidence that we could explore this facet of human
31:54
psychology ethically we learned that
31:58
there's a stark difference between
32:00
what people think they would do and what
32:02
they actually do when faced with a difficult moral dilemma
32:05
instead of saving five lives most
32:08
of our participants did
32:10
nothing but is it
32:12
wrong to freeze should
32:14
people feel bad for being unable to act well
32:18
here's the freezing in the face of a threat is a behavior
32:23
that can be found all over the animal kingdom but we
32:27
are the only animals
32:28
that can study how
32:30
we act pontificate on how we ought to act and program
32:34
machines to do only that
32:37
to make progress in our study of the mind we
32:40
have to affect the mind and that's not something that we should take lightly
32:45
understanding who we are by taking ourselves to
32:48
the limit comes with a risk and as
32:50
we've learned that risk must always be balanced
32:54
against the greater good and as
32:56
always thanks for watching
33:02
this season on mindfield
33:05
you're gonna be a lab rat in
33:08
a maze nobody's ever done this before it's
33:11
quite pioneering work really
33:13
as far as I'm concerned you're already a co-author in
33:16
our scientific paper ready
33:18
ready I'm here on the Amazon where I will drink an ancient psychedelic
33:22
drug ayahuasca don't worry this is a self-driving
33:27
car we'll connect through bluetooth to this living robot
33:33
okay and then to the left oh
33:36
I didn't realize that
33:38
you were a real person I'm
33:40
gonna tear you apart if you don't give us some answers
33:42
I am going to be taking a lie detection test
33:47
you know Chinese water torture isn't
33:49
even Chinese well five people dies or
33:52
we'll watch this is a big first for us we're actually getting to do
33:57
this for welcome to minefield thanks for watching
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