America's Dumbest Crop

In the United States, we're proud of the crops we grow.

We've got a nation of hungry Americans and even hungrier livestock.

And god damn it, our crops keep this great country fed.

Except, of course, for our number one most irrigated crop.

Yes, sir.

At the very top of the list of plants we pour massive amounts of

water and resources into is a crop that's not eaten,

juiced, smoked, or consumed in any way.

I'm talking, of course, about lawns.

Yeah, >> that's right.

The stuff we plant outside of our homes, around our office parks,

on the sides of highways,

and on approximately 40 million acres of prime American land is quickly

and quietly sucking up our precious resources

while simultaneously being actively harmful to our health

and environment.

What a deal.

And I'm not out here hating on just the concept of grass.

I one time dislocated my shoulder playing 8 hours of ultimate frisbee.

And this Saturday, I'm getting day drunk on PBR in my cousin's yard.

Grass can be great if you use it.

The problem with America is

that we've basically made a ton of useless grass mandatory.

>> The city of Indianapolis tonight is warning people to cut their grass

or face a big fine.

City inspectors are now measuring blades of grass with yard sticks.

>> Native Long Island plants grow without chemicals and help absorb rain water.

But the mayor says the transformation is troubling.

>> You have to call it what it is.

That front yard looks hideous.

>> She was arrested

and spent a week in jail for what started out

as an HOA complaint over her lawn.

>> Yeah.

Homeowners associations force people to grow grass under penalty of fines.

Countless municipal codes include vague anti-weeds legislation

that prevents people from having more interesting plants than just regular lawn grass.

And there's enormous social

and cultural pressure for everyone to have a thriving little grass patch

or else they're a bad person.

>> They got the property.

God give it to him.

God expects you to take care of what he gives you.

>> And even if you don't personally own a lawn, cities, states,

and the federal government are constantly spending taxpayer money on grass whose entire job

is to exist.

And we should put big air quotes around exist

because maintaining this grass is also one of the dumbest things we do.

These grasses are not native to the United States,

which means we often have to coddle them just to keep them alive.

You ever heard of Kentucky bluegrass?

Well, it's not from Kentucky.

It's not even from America.

So, you take your commie lawn and you go back to your commie country.

And then there's the equipment necessary to keep all these lawns on life support.

Lawnmowers and other tools produce a staggering 30 million tons of carbon dioxide every

year and generate almost

as much particulate air pollution

as all the cars in America.

That's some great hustle out there, boys.

I'm really proud of you.

And then there's the water.

Grass is so thirsty

that about a third of all of our residential water goes straight to keeping

grass alive.

Well, that's not exactly true because in drier areas,

it can be up to 60% of residential water on grass.

We're also dumping buckets of chemicals onto our lawns to make sure

that nothing but one kind of grass grows.

And those chemicals tend to make a beline for the groundwater

and create a whole bunch of problems for fish

and wildlife or just stay local

and poison the people who come into contact with it.

And it gets even worse.

America's obsession with putting little grass fields nobody uses all over the place is

actually costing us dearly.

And in a time

when we need to be careful about how we're using our precious resources,

forcing the country to spend billions of dollars to grow a crop

that we don't use

and is actively poisoning us is probably not the smartest policy.

But maybe there's something we can do about it.

Maybe.

Hi, I'm Raleigh Williams,

a guy with a climate science and policy degree and a pretty decent backhand.

I'll catch that later.

And this is a video about lawns, the dumbest crop we grow.

Welcome to Climate Town.

Now, extremely rich people have been obsessed with lawns for centuries.

First, it was a big ass clearing where you could show off how many

hungry goats and sheep you had.

Then, aristocrats in France

and England used their lawns to show off how many slaves they had.

Obviously, wealthy American land owners like the sound of that,

and they began maintaining lawns of their own.

George Washington had one.

Thomas Jefferson had one.

Basically, if you got to rap in the Hamilton musical,

chances are you had a nice patch of grass to call your own.

No way.

All right.

Yeah.

But despite a desire to emulate aristocratic lawns,

they were very rare and extremely difficult to maintain in the US.

If the work requirement wasn't bad enough,

the climate over here made it extremely difficult to even get

that grass to grow.

None of these lawn grasses we now associate with the American suburbs are native

to the United States,

which means they'd need a little help from Uncle Sam.

As the demand grew for big grass-covered public spaces like Central Park

and Prospect Park and the earliest US suburbs,

the US Department of Agriculture took it upon themselves to decide on the best

grass to take over the country.

Then the Hatch Act in 1887 quadrupled the USDA budget

and they used that money to develop honest to god government testing facilities for

grass.

Then right around the same time,

Grass would get another helping hand from something else old

and British and an absolute pain in the ass.

No, I'm not talking about ricketetts.

It's golf.

The first organized golf courses in the US opened in the 1880s,

and by the year 1900, there were already almost a thousand of them.

And good lord, these required some serious grass.

With golf exploding in popularity,

a few courses banded together and founded the United States Golf Association,

also known as the USGAA.

And the USGAA was researching grass varieties at the exact same time

as the USDA.

Interesting.

And actually, if you look at the logos and you compare them,

the only difference is a single letter.

And if you just take the G and rotate it a little bit,

and then you take the stem

and you sort of smush it down into the D,

it's the same letter.

They're the same organization.

Okay, they're not sorry, they're not the same, but they do sound pretty similar.

And perhaps more importantly, they have worked together quite a lot,

specifically to develop grass varieties that could be used on golf courses and lawns.

By the 1920s, golf was so popular that the richest man in the world,

John D.

Rockefeller, got all dressed up

and hired the only man with a working camera in the state of Florida

to film him.

Oh, topped the absolute out of the ball.

My god, how do you not get a second take of that?

You're John D.

Rockefeller.

You own America's economy.

You can't get a videographer to make it look like you've played golf once

in your life.

Whatever.

You can't worry about that because right after the roaring 20s,

it's the Great Depression.

Everyone's struggling.

Nothing's growing.

And America wasn't slapping grass all over the place

because they couldn't afford to waste the money until uh oh,

everybody's dad, you've been waiting for it.

It's your time to shine.

It's World War II over the dusty trail and those songs are rolling along.

>> Now, I don't know how much you know about World War II,

but America pretty much kicked that thing's ass.

And as we lifted ourselves out of wartime and free of the Great Depression,

a few things lined up to give lawns their final push to dominance.

During the war, the US government needed to make a bunch of TNT

and other explosives.

And one of the key ingredients was nitrogen.

So they built a bunch of facilities that could isolate nitrogen.

And my god, the bombs they made.

After the war, we didn't have as many people to blow up,

but we still had all these nitrogen facilities.

And do you know what else uses a lot of nitrogen?

synthetic plant fertilizer.

>> Also, during the war,

we were developing a bunch of chemicals

that would either kill people directly

or kill plants so people couldn't eat

and then they'd still die just a little later.

After the war, those same chemicals could be put to work killing our new

enemy,

plants that we thought were bad. the front day and night and fight.

>> And also also between the GI Bill giving out millions of cheap home

loans and a general desire to move out of the cities,

we built an insane amount of suburban housing all over the country.

Developers would rip out the trees and slap together a bunch of homes,

but then they'd have a big up wasteland of dirt and houses.

>> Oh, they're always doing things like that around here.

It goes on all the time.

Instead of waiting years for trees and vegetation to grow back,

developers would just cover the whole thing up with some nice quick grass.

>> They had an almost sexual attraction to grass.

Listen to the way they used to talk about it.

>> People love grass.

The sight of it inspires and relaxes them.

Its velvet rug rounds out the earth's sharp edges.

Grass is nature's vital gift to man.

It covers and forgives man's mistakes and in constancy.

Grass is immortal, vigorous, aggressive.

>> I sure would like to some grass.

>> Pretty soon, anyone buying a house in the suburbs was also being inducted

into the cult of grass.

And more and more of America began to look like this.

There's a famous suburb on Long Island called Levittown,

where they built 17,000 houses in the span of just four years,

each with their own brand new lawn, effectively creating the modern suburban development.

They apparently even offered to reseed your lawn for free the next spring after

you moved in.

Then they did the same thing in Pennsylvania,

dropping another Levittown just north of Philadelphia.

Oh, and there's one more thing.

>> We were looking for a place to buy a home.

We looked at Levittown and we liked the homes here.

We liked the advantages

that Levittown seemed to offer in uh comparison to other cities

and we understood that it was going to be all white.

We were very happy to buy a home here.

Yeah, there was a lot of that too.

Anyway, by 1960 the US had 30 million home lawns

and we were adding half a million more every year.

And the worst part about those lawns was

that they required a ton of work to keep them looking perfect.

And the worst part about that work was the more you do,

the harder it gets.

The grasses we use for lawns had co-evolved with clover,

which fixes nitrogen into the ground for the grass to access.

Friends forever.

But then we developed a pesticide that's perfect for lawns cuz it only kills

broadleaf plants,

not grasses.

But that does include clover.

So, in a matter of years,

lawn care companies went from selling clover supplements to declaring it the enemy,

easily dealt with by spraying 24D,

a nice little chemical developed by the military to starve enemy troops into submission.

So now, instead of getting nitrogen for free,

you got to buy a nice bottle of nitrogen fertilizer

and spray it all over your lawn.

A small price to pay for defeating the evil clover.

But uh-oh, grass is sometimes a little bit brown in the spring.

Why not apply even more nitrogen multiple times a year to keep it green

forever?

Sure, it needs more water

and you got to mow it more

and now it needs more fertilizer,

but you can buy all that.

And the rapidly expanding lawn care industry was graciously willing to sell you whatever

they felt you needed.

And you can't have a good lawn without mowing it frequently to keep it

short and neat.

Shorter grass means weeds can grow more easily.

And constantly cutting the tops off of grass stresses their biology,

but you can fix that, too.

A little herbicide, some fungicide.

You need a mower, an edger, and a weeder.

And now some hoses, and some sprinkler systems.

You need a whole shed full of tools

and chemicals to keep this baby alive.

>> You could get the new Scots lawn care system.

It's an annual weeding and feeding program.

>> I'm fertilizing my lawn with the Burgess Fluidic Lawn Feeder.

Just pound job solid spikes of fertilizer into moist ground.

>> I'm John Manley, president of So Green.

My quality WinterPro full fertilizer has no crushed rock filler.

>> And my god, did it work.

In 1946, there were just a 100,000 mowers sold in the US.

But by 1959, Americans were buying 4.2 million lawnmowers every year.

The lawn care industry numbers are a little hard to pin down,

but one expert puts the home

and garden sales at $4.5 billion in 1960 alone.

By the early8s, Americans were using more synthetic fertilizer on just their lawns than

all of India was using on all of its food crops.

And again, there's nothing inherently wrong with grass.

A lawn is a nice place to have a picnic.

And if you're a kid trying to kick a soccer ball,

it's really helpful if there aren't a ton of rocks

and tomato plants in the way.

The problem is America looked at lawns

and decided every house needed to have

as much pure green weedless lawn

as possible.

We were successfully lawnraed.

No lawn care cost too great, no task too difficult.

We love lawn.

We love you lawn.

Unfortunately, lawns did not love us back

because it turns out a lot of this stuff is really,

really bad for us.

>> I think there is no doubt

that the use of pesticides has resulted in extensive damage to wildlife wherever we

have conducted careful studies.

We have had losses that averaged 80% or more.

During the past years,

do you think that the public was sufficiently praised of the potential hazards of

pesticides?

>> The answer I could say very quickly is no.

In a twist no one saw coming,

all these amazing new murder chemicals we developed were having some unintended health consequences.

In the 40s and 50s,

Americans were blanketing their lives in a new pesticide called DDT

that was touted as an atomic bomb for pests.

You can even use this hose attachment and get it right in the water.

And while you're at it,

why not cover your kids' walls with DDT children's wallpaper?

But then Rachel Carson published Silent Spring,

and everyone got nervous

that blasting DDT all over your couch might be pretty bad for you

and the environment.

Whoopsies.

But then we successfully ban DDT.

So that should pretty much be that.

Oh no.

Chemical Workers Union became suspicious of the herbicide

or Isiselin when workers in upstate New York began connecting birth defects.

>> Inside the home, chlorine in a readytouse oil solution can be used.

>> And then there's glyphosate, aka Roundup.

>> Weeds, no problem.

A shot of Roundup kills weeds and grasses.

I'm a loving husband and a real good dad,

but weeds just make me rattlesnake mad.

Now Roundup has a new sharpshoot wand.

I'm sending them weeds to the great beyond.

>> Nothing kills weeds better.

>> Buy Roundup now and you can save up to $120 on American Airlines tickets.

>> Yeah, this one is still widely available all over the US,

and I bet you see places where it's sprayed pretty much every day.

It is the most heavily applied herbicide in history.

But somehow this former groundskeeper got cancer, then sued the makers of Roundup,

a little mom and pop shop called Monsanto,

who were forced to pay him $289 million in damages.

There's also an incredible interview clip that I first saw in an H.

Bomber guy video featuring an industry shill,

claiming that Roundup is completely safe for humans to drink.

You can drink a whole quart of it and it won't hurt you.

>> You want to drink some?

We have some here.

>> I'd be happy to, actually, but not not really.

But >> not really.

I know it wouldn't hurt me.

>> I mean, if if if you say so.

Okay, I have some glass.

>> No, no, I'm not stupid.

>> Oh, okay.

So, you you you >> No, but I know dangerous.

I know.

No, people try to commit suicide with it and fail fairly regularly.

>> Tell the truth.

>> It's not dangerous to humans.

No, it's not.

>> So, you ready to drink one glass of >> I'm not an idiot.

Ah, yes.

The rare double reverse.

Very difficult to pull off,

but a highly effective way to avoid drinking

that Roundup you said you would drink with no one being the wiser.

And then there's the fertilizer that we're using way too much of.

Synthetic fertilizers have a tendency to slleoose off

and into our groundwater where they join a gang of other pesticides,

herbicides, and fungicides.

This can lead to algo blooms, dead zones.

It can suffocate entire schools of fish, contaminate drinking water,

contribute to methoglobanmia in infants, and a whole gaggle of negative health implications.

And you remember all those lawnmowers we're selling?

Well, lawnmowers and other gardening equipment have small

but mighty engines that burn gasoline at an incredible rate

and vent uncombusted fuel

and other emissions straight into the open air.

The EPA estimates that landscaping equipment generates

as much nitrous oxide greenhouse gas

as 30 million cars

and as much carbon dioxide

as the entire city of Los Angeles.

Since lawn equipment isn't regulated as hard as automobiles,

running a lawn mower for a single hour is roughly equivalent to driving 300

miles in your brand new pre-owned 2016 Toyota Camry.

>> This next part freaks me out because I have a fear of bodily injuries,

so I made co-writer Matt Nelson write it.

There are tens of thousands of people injured by lawnmowers every year in the

US.

Trust me, I can't dwell on this,

but riding around on a bunch of spinning swords is actually quite dangerous.

Gesture to the right side of frame.

This is the safety label they were going to use back in the 70s

before the lawn care industry pushed back.

I blurred it out because it makes me sick,

but you can look it up on your own using these keywords.

But just like cars, it's not the company's fault it's not safe.

It's you, you idiot.

>> Every year in this country, simple human negligence, not faulty machine design,

not bad luck, simple human negligence causes thousands of incidences of bodily injury.

And it's a curious fact

that all these injuries could be avoided through a state of being called operator

awareness while on or around the machine.

>> And remember, if we just relaxed a little bit,

we could probably avoid a lot of this stuff.

Grass is not naturally green all year round.

If we just let it be brown sometimes,

we could save literal billions of gallons of water.

Celebrity lawn owner Kim Kardashian got busted for blowing past her water aotment by

232,000 gallons in one month.

This is the color of their grass

and this is the color their grass should be.

If we stopped killing clover,

we wouldn't have to add a bunch of extra nitrogen.

We could have more natural lawns at a fraction of the effort

because this twisted monoculture grass that's hooked on the blacktar heroin of lawn care

and chemical companies is not a natural lawn.

My god, if we just stopped vacuuming up the lawn clippings after we mow,

we could reduce the need for fertilizer by 50%. 50 with a D.

You ever seen a field like this?

That's nature.

No one does anything.

It's just there.

But despite all the issues

that come with making the areas around our houses expensive,

useless time sucks.

Lawns completely dominated American culture.

>> But my lawn, Dale, you don't mess with a man's lawn.

>> I'd love to check, but I got to run.

>> Get off my lawn.

>> Lawns now cover an estimated 40 million acres of the US.

That's larger than the entire state of Georgia.

Lawns are the number one most watered crop in America by a country mile.

We water more acres of grass than the next three crops combined.

There is so much grass that Massachusetts and New Jersey are 20% lawn.

My god, the lawns.

But even if you wanted to get rid of your lawn

and maybe plant some flowers

or god forbid vegetables,

in a lot of places you can't.

Some people in Commerce City want to make their lawns more drought resistant.

But an old city landscaping code just won't allow it.

>> The city of Odessa is taking action against overgrown lawns,

issuing notices of violation to multiple homes

that aren't in compliance with the city's code of ordinance.

>> Tonight, a man in Fort Lupton is preparing to go to court all

over a fight on whether

or not the plants he planted in his yard

or weeds or actually native flowers.

Kibler was issued this citation for violating city code

and ordered to cut all of his work down to at most 6 in.

>> Yeah.

In almost every municipality in America,

homeowners are required by law to cut their grass on a regular basis

and keep the property in a neat

and clean manner,

usually setting a maximum lawn height of 6 to 8 in.

These tend to be called weed laws.

And let me tell you,

their Google SEO has gone down considerably in the last few decades.

Check it out.

>> But you can find the less popular lawnbased weed laws on the books

in city after city after city.

The bottom line is you can be fined by the city

if your lawn ain't right.

These laws can prevent people from removing their useless lawn grass in favor of

planting native grasses and flowers

that take less water

and attract things like butterflies

and other pollinators.

Another group that's preventing us from rethinking lawns is the dreaded homeowners association.

>> Albuquerque city councilors mowed down the idea to let homeowners in a neighborhood

association break their covenants

and put in more water efficient yards.

>> That's good news for some homeowners associations

that require residents to keep some sort of grass in their front yards,

but bad news for people who favored replacing the green with the less water

consuming vegetation.

The ordinance would have been another example of more government interfering in private rights.

I'm sorry.

Uh, another example of more government interfering in private rights, buddy.

That's the HOA being concerned they won't have the private right to force people

to grow grass in a drought >> in the hottest year in record to

get grass green.

I just don't know if that's right.

>> Okay, a lot of that sounds pretty bad, but folks,

we've officially made it off of the lawn of problems

and into the meadow of what we're going to do about it.

And luckily for us,

there's already a burgeoning movement that's trying to rethink the practice of everyone in

America building themselves a little tiny golf course.

Perhaps the best direction to look is the American West,

where constant droughts and water restrictions have already forced residents to deal with the

reality that lawns require a ton of resources,

and it's actually not that critical to make everybody grow them.

To their enormous credit,

some of these states have already reversed course on their horniness for lawns

and begun placing restrictions on the installation of what they quite accurately call nonfunctional

turf grass.

In Arizona, where every city asks,

"Can people live on the surface of the sun?"

They've reduced lawn ownership the old-fashioned way.

Cold hard cash, baby.

In Phoenix, Arizona, there's a grass removal program

that pays residents $2 per square foot of grass removed.

Not to be outdone,

those Hollywood libs out in droughtprone LA will pay you up to $5 per

square foot of grass removed.

The city of Gilbert even extended the offer beyond homeowners.

Now those bloodthirsty HOAs

and non-residential owners can take their lawn out back

and shoot it in the head of Men Style for up to $30,000.

And once your lawn is all dug up

and shoved in the trunk of your car,

you can replace it with a lot of great alternatives.

One of the most popular is called zeroscaping,

which I'm hearing now is actually zircaping.

I've been saying it wrong for years.

The scape is from landscape and the ziri means dry in Greek,

which I am Greek Olympics, parthanon, fiser vaccine, zircaping.

But seriously, zircaping just means replacing your thirsty lawn grass with plants

and features that don't need you to constantly water them in order to keep

them alive.

It uses the radical concept of planting things that naturally grow in your area.

Remember, unless you live here, Kentucky bluegrass is not native to your area.

Zercaping can produce some incredible yards full of colorful plants

and grasses that you don't have to mow

and even help the local flora

and fauna.

It's also not that hard to figure out what to plant.

If this is your house, you plant this stuff.

Or maybe you have this house, then you plant this stuff.

Or you can try something really wild and grow food for yourself or others.

Everyone knows someone who eats food.

You can grow zucchini or strawberries or tomatoes.

I don't know where you live,

but it's a pretty safe bet

that if you can grow a non-native monoculture of grass,

you can also grow something way more productive.

Now, sometimes you might run a foul of your homeowners association

or an archaic weed law.

Or you might just have a nosy neighbor with nothing to do.

And that sucks.

I am sorry.

Obviously, every situation is different, but luckily,

there are a ton of groups

that are out there helping people make the switch.

There are even entire YouTube channels

that are exclusively tips on how to do this.

I don't know the half of it.

I'm not an expert.

If you want an expert, consider checking out groups like Wild Ones,

Rewild Your Campus, or Planet Wild.

Link in the description.

The social and legal pressure

that is trying to keep America grassrained is a genuine hurdle. grass has crept

into our imaginations and it's genuinely difficult for me to envision an American suburb

that doesn't have its little grass square in front of every house.

But I also think Americans are capable of realizing

that the status quo lawn is not necessarily the only way to live our

lives.

That isn't to say I think we should rip out every lawn in the

country or that people who enjoy maintaining their lawns are dumb.

I'm just saying it's dumb to keep blindly grassing ourselves just cuz that's what

we've always done.

I think we should be asking ourselves questions like,

do we want our families to play on grass that's been treated to with

chemicals that have dangerous health implications?

Do we feel comfortable with nitrogen and phosphorus washing into the water supply?

Does the multi-billion dollar lawn care industry have our best interests at heart,

or are they maybe in it for the money?

Do we need to crank through gasoline to make sure our grass stays short

and hungry?

Do we have lawns

because we actually want them

or because they were already there

and now we feel like we have to keep maintaining them?

And if your answer to these questions is

that you do desperately want a chemical fueled crew cut monoculture,

then I guess go for it, but don't make your neighbors do it.

And if you think that maybe trading your health, money,

and water for some grass that you don't use is a bad idea,

then it might be time to kill your lawns.

Ah, from the beginning.

It's a call back.

Whoa.

Location change.

Okay.

Here at Climate Town,

we're a team of four people

and we make these videos by loading up our backpacks with equipment

and trekking our asses all over New York City.

And almost every piece of gear we use,

from our tripod to our backpack to our bike mounted phone case,

is from a little brand called Peak Design.

Their equipment is, and I am not exaggerating, the best in the game.

And that makes sense

because it was created by people who are obsessed with design over everything else.

They guarantee their products with an insane lifetime warranty.

They treat their employees well and they've never taken on investors,

which means they'll never have to cut into the quality of their product to

pay off a bunch of rich dudes.

But more important than the stuff they make is the they give about the

planet we're all living on.

They were the founding members of the climate label,

which is a certification

that pushes companies to quantify the impact they're having on the world

and then start spending actual money to decarbonize their operations

and supply chains.

The climate label is a voluntary certification

that requires businesses to do a thorough accounting of their emissions

and then devise a meaningful strategy

that even I agree is no to both reduce

and offset those emissions.

And in a time

when corporations are quietly deleting their net zero pledges from their websites,

it is incredibly cool

that Peak Design is putting their money where their mouth is

and encouraging other companies to do the same.

And just so you know they mean it,

Peak Design offered to do something they never do.

They gave us a promo code for this video.

So here you go.

You can use the promo code climate for 20% off the best gear we've

ever used.

Peak Design Christmas come early, everyone.

And if you're wondering about that slogan,

our producer Daniela got

so excited when she heard we were getting a discount code

that she just blurted out Christmas come early everyone.

And honestly, I've never heard a better slogan.

So, Peak Design, we use the gear all the time, and we love it.

Christmas come early, everyone.

And you made it to the end of the video.

We're going to have some goofy little bloopers at the end of this part

because some people on Patreon told me I should do

that.

And frankly, I listen to the people on Patreon.

They're great people.

Okay, a big thank you to three books

that were incredibly helpful in making this video.

I'm talking, of course, about American Green by Ted Steinberg,

The Lawn by Virginia Scott Jenkins, and Lawn People by Paul Robbins.

Check them out, link in the description.

And of course, if you enjoyed this video,

the best way to support us is on our Patreon page,

aka the engine that makes this channel go.

You get behind-the-scenes clips, outtakes, all the bloopers,

footage from the live show, and of course,

access to the Climate Town Land line.

A real phone that sits on my real desk will give you the number.

You can really call it.

And most of the time, I will answer.

People are surprised.

They're like, "I didn't think you'd answer the phone."

And I'm like, "Yep, this is a waste of time for both of us.

What's going on?"

and we have a little talk

and then I hang up

and I don't know

if they ever call back again

because they're like that was fine.

Anyway, it's pretty fun.

Okay, did I sell it enough?

All right, we also have a podcast called The Climate Deniers Playbook where my

childhood friend and Daily Show writer Nicole Conlin

and I break down climate myths

and crack wise about other people's mamas,

executive produced by Ben Bolt.

We've also got a fantastic newsletter

that takes you even deeper down the rabbit hole with links

and jokes.

It's like a choose your own adventure version of the videos.

That's from the wickedly talented Matt Nelson and me.

We've also got shirts made by Eric Henry and TS Designs.

And oh yeah, we've also got the best hats you'll ever wear in your

dang life.

There's no plastic at all.

They're fantastic.

Thank you so much for watching.

Okay.

>> Okay.

A guy with a climate science and policy degree and it's a windy day.

The goal four.

The goal two.

Oo.

I'm getting that shin sweat.

That famous Williams shin sweat.

>> This is going to be >> It needs to come in kind of hard,

but obviously not too hard.

I'm afraid of leaving the face.

>> Hi, I'm Raley Williams.

>> Did you see that?

Native native pollinator baby.

>> I have not tried marijuana.

Uh I have never used it at any time.

>> Did you hear that pop?

Goodbye.